374# 启6:6.“我听见在四活物中间有声音说，小麦一升卖一德纳，大麦三升卖一德纳”表示教会的纯正良善和教会的纯正真理对他们来说无足轻重。这从“升”、“小麦”、“大麦”和“德纳”的含义清楚可知：“升”在希腊语中是小麦和大麦的度量单位，是指评估的品质，因为如前所述，在圣言中，度量表示一个事物在良善方面和真理方面的品质。“小麦”是指总体上教会的良善(对此，我们稍后会谈到)；“大麦”是指这良善之真理(对此，我们稍后会谈到)；“德纳”，也就是评估的价值，是指好像无足轻重。由于这是最小的硬币，所以它表示最低价值，但在此表示好像无足轻重，或没有价值。原因在于，前面提到的“红马”表示在良善方面被毁的对圣言的理解，“黑马”表示在真理方面被毁的对圣言的理解(参看AE 364, 372节)；在良善方面和真理方面对圣言的理解都被毁时，教会的纯正良善和纯正真理被评估得好像无足轻重，或根本不算什么。“德纳”在此被当作评估的标准，是因为必须先假定某一块钱，某种价值才可能以字义来表达。由于经上说“骑在马上的，手里拿着天平”，并且小麦和大麦被测量了，所以最小的硬币被当成价值评估的标准；由于不再有在良善方面和真理方面对圣言的任何理解，所以此处“德纳”在灵义上表示(评估就是)它好像无足轻重。
经上之所以说“小麦一升卖一德纳，大麦三升卖一德纳”，是因为“一”论及良善，“三”论及真理；“一”当论及良善时，表示完美之物，因而也表示纯正之物；“三”当论及真理时，表示完全之物，因而也表示纯正之物；因此，“小麦一升卖一德纳，大麦三升卖一德纳”表示教会的纯正良善和纯正真理。“小麦”表示良善，“大麦”表示它的真理，是因为属于田地的一切事物都表示属于教会的事物；属于田地的事物，如各种庄稼，用作食物；用作食物和身体营养的事物在灵义上表示诸如滋养灵魂或心智的那类事物，这类事物都与爱之良善和信之真理有关；因此，小麦和大麦尤其具有这种含义，因为饼就是用它们来做的。各种食物都表示属灵的食物，因而表示属于知识、聪明和智慧的事物，由此表示这些所来自的良善和真理。(可参看《属天的奥秘》，3114, 4459, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5410, 5426, 5576, 5582, 5588, 5655, 5915, 8408, 8562, 9003节)；关于“饼”一般表示什么，可参看《新耶路撒冷及其属天教义》(218节)；“田地”表示教会(参看《属天的奥秘》，2971, 3766, 9139节)。
374b. “小麦”和“大麦”具有这种含义，是由于对应，这从出现在灵界的事物明显看出来；在那里，一切表象都是对应。平原、田地、各种庄稼，以及饼，都出现在那里；由此可知，它们是对应，所以它们照着对应而具有含义。
“小麦”和“大麦”表示教会的良善和真理，“小麦”表示教会的良善，“大麦”表示教会的真理，这一点从圣言中提到它们的经文明显看出来，如以下经文。耶利米书：
赶散以色列的耶和华必召集他，看守他，如牧人看守羊群；因耶和华救赎了雅各，救赎他脱离比他更强之人的手。因此，他们要来到锡安的高处大声歌唱，又流归耶和华的美物，就是小麦、新酒和新油，并羊群和牛群之子；他们的灵魂必像浇灌的园子。(耶利米书31:10–12)
此处论述了一个新教会的建立；“以色列”和“雅各”表示该教会，“以色列”表示内在属灵教会，“雅各”表示外在属灵教会；因为每个教会都是内在的和外在的。它的建立由“耶和华必召集他，看守他，如牧人看守羊群；因耶和华救赎了雅各，救赎他脱离比他更强之人的手”来描述，“救赎”表示改造(参看AE 328节)；“脱离比他更强之人的手”表示脱离之前占据主导地位的邪恶和虚假；这些人所拥有的属天良善和由此而来的真理产生的内在喜乐或内心喜乐由“因此，他们要来到锡安的高处大声歌唱，又流归耶和华的美物，就是小麦、新酒和油，并羊群和牛群之子”来表示，“在锡安的高处歌唱”表示内在的属天喜乐，或诸如在主的属天国度的那种喜乐，“大声歌唱”表示这种喜乐(参看AE 326节)；“高处”表示内在之物，“锡安”表示属天国度；“小麦”表示属世人的良善，“新酒”表示属世人的真理；“油”表示属灵人的良善，“羊群之子”表示属灵真理，“牛群之子”表示属世真理；由于这些就是所表示的，所以它们被称为“耶和华的美物”。这些人拥有来自这个源头的聪明和智慧，这一点由“他们的灵魂必像浇灌的园子”来表示，因为在圣言中，“园子”表示聪明，“浇灌”表示它的不断增长；此处所指的，明显不是“小麦”、“新酒”、“油”、“羊群和牛群之子”，因为经上说：“耶和华救赎了雅各，他们的灵魂必像浇灌的园子。”
约珥书：
田野荒废，土地悲哀，因为五谷毁坏，新酒干竭，油也衰萎。农夫羞愧，修理葡萄树的为小麦大麦哀号，因为田间的庄稼都灭绝了。(约珥书1:10–11)
这些话并不论及田野及其贫瘠，而是论及教会及其荒废；因此，“田野”、“土地”、“五谷”、“新酒”和“油”并非表示这些事物本身，相反“田野”和“土地”表示教会，“田野”表示对真理和良善的接受，以及它们的增长方面的教会，“土地”表示住在其中的民族方面的教会；“五谷”表示外在人中的各种良善；“新酒”表示外在人中的真理；“油”表示内在人中的良善；“羞愧的农夫”和“为小麦大麦哀号的修理葡萄树的”表示那些属于教会的人，“小麦”和“大麦”表示教会的良善和真理；“因此灭绝的田间的庄稼”表示出于良善和真理的一切敬拜。
耶利米书：
毁坏者来到旷野中一切的高处；因耶和华的剑，从地这边直到地那边，尽行吞灭；凡肉体都不得平安。他们播种了小麦，却收割了荆棘。(耶利米书12:12–13)
这些话也论及教会及其荒废；“毁坏者来到旷野的高处”表示一切仁之良善都因邪恶和虚假而灭亡了；在圣言中，“高处”表示有仁之良善的地方，在抽象意义上表示这良善本身；“旷野”表示因没有真理而没有良善的地方，“毁灭者”表示良善和真理因之灭亡的邪恶和虚假；“耶和华的剑从地这边直到地那边，尽行吞灭”表示虚假摧毁教会的一切事物，“剑吞灭”表示虚假摧毁，“从地这边直到地那边”表示教会的一切事物；“凡肉体都不得平安”表示由于邪恶和虚假掌权而不再有内在的安息；“他们播种了小麦，却收割了荆棘”表示有了虚假之邪恶，而不是真理之良善，“小麦”表示真理之良善，“荆棘”表示虚假之邪恶。
同一先知书：
属王国之种的以实玛利杀了巴比伦王所立管理这地的基大利和与他一起的一切犹太人，又杀了迦勒底人，以及从示剑和示罗，并撒玛利亚来的人；只是他们中间有十个人对以实玛利说，不要杀我们，因为我们有东西藏在田间，就是小麦、大麦、油和蜜。于是他住手，没有杀他们。(耶利米书41:1–8)
这些历史陈述在内义上描述了对那些亵渎神圣事物之人的诅咒或定罪；因为巴比伦王所立管理这地的“基大利”、“与他一起的犹太人”、“迦勒底人”，以及“从示剑和示罗，并撒玛利亚来的人”表示那些亵渎的人，在抽象意义上表示各种亵渎；“巴比伦王”表示对良善和真理的亵渎；对他们的诅咒或定罪由他们被杀来表示，因为“被杀”表示属灵地被杀(参看AE 315节)；但对以实玛利说，不要杀我们，因为我们有东西藏在田间，就是小麦、大麦、油和蜜的那“十人”表示那些没有亵渎教会神圣事物的人，因为他们内在拥有良善和真理；事实上，那些亵渎的人内在没有丝毫良善和真理，只有当他们说话和讲道时，外在拥有它们；而那些不亵渎的人内在拥有良善和真理，这一点由他们说他们“有东西藏在田间，就是小麦、大麦、油和蜜”来表示，“小麦、大麦”表示外在人的良善和真理，“油”表示内在人的良善，“蜜”表示其快乐；“十人”表示所有这样的人，“十”表示所有人和所有事物；“他住手，没有杀他们”表示他们没有亵渎，因而不受诅咒，或说不被定罪；“以实玛利”代表那些处于教会的纯正真理的人，这也由他所属的“王国之种”来表示。这些就是这些历史陈述所涉及的事物，圣言的历史部分和预言部分一样，都拥有内义。
374c. 摩西五经：
耶和华你的神必领你进入美地，那地有流水的溪河，有泉源和深渊从谷中和山上流出；那地有小麦、大麦、葡萄树、无花果树、石榴树；那地也有橄榄树和蜜。(申命记8:7–8)
这在字义上是对迦南的一段描述，但在内义上描述的却是主的教会，因为“迦南地”在内义上表示这教会；经上列举了属于教会的良善和真理的所有种类。这地被称为有流水的溪河之地，是因为“流水的溪河”表示真理的教义；从谷中和山上流出的“泉源和深渊”表示来自圣言的内层和外层真理，“泉源”表示来自圣言的内层真理，“深渊”表示外层真理。经上说后者“从谷中流出”，是因为“谷”表示较低和外层之物，就是这类真理所在之处；经上说前者“从山上流出”，是因为“山”表示较高和内层之物，就是这类真理所在之处；“有小麦、大麦、葡萄树、无花果树、石榴树之地”表示各种良善和真理方面的教会，“小麦、大麦”表示来自一个属天源头的良善和真理，“葡萄树、无花果树”表示来自一个属灵源头的良善和真理，“石榴树”表示良善和真理的知识；“有橄榄树和蜜之地”表示爱之良善及其享受或快乐方面的教会。人若不知道圣言的灵义，只会以为这些话仅仅描述了迦南地；但在这种情况下，圣言将是纯属世的，不是属灵的；然而，就其内在而言，圣言处处都是属灵的；当将上述这些话理解为它们所表示的属灵事物，即各种良善和真理时，它就是属灵的。至于“溪河”、“泉源”、“深渊”、“谷”、“山”、“葡萄树”、“无花果树”、“石榴树”、“橄榄树”、“油”和“蜜”表示什么，这在《属天的奥秘》一书已经说明，所有这些段落太长了，此处不再引用；但它们当中的许多事物都在对启示录的解释中已经说明了，并将予以说明；这些可在它们适当的地方查阅。
约伯记：
我若吃地的力量不给银钱，叫地主的灵魂气绝而亡，就愿蒺藜长出来代替小麦，野葡萄树代替大麦。(约伯记31:39–40)
“吃地的力量不给银钱”表示将没有真理的教会良善归给自己，“地”表示教会，“银钱”表示真理；“叫地主的灵魂气绝而亡”表示因而清空属灵生命，或说使属灵生命变得空虚；“就愿蒺藜长出来代替小麦，野葡萄树代替大麦”表示邪恶要被视为良善，虚假要被视为真理；“小麦”表示良善，“蒺藜”表示邪恶，“大麦”表示真理，“野葡萄树”表示虚假；因为良善只能通过真理获得。
以赛亚书：
我从主万军之耶和华那里已经听见临到全地的终结和决定。犁田的人岂会终日耕地撒种？岂会开垦耙地呢？他犁平了地面，岂不就撒种小茴香？岂不将量好的小麦，指定的大麦和指定的粗麦撒进去吗？祂为判断如此教导他，他的神指教他。(以赛亚书28:22, 24–26)
这在灵义上描述了教会在犹太和以色列民族中间的彻底毁灭，并教导，若不以将圣言的良善和真理应用于生活的功用为目的，学习并知道圣言是没有用的；聪明只能从这个源头由主那里获得。在这个民族中间的教会已经被完全摧毁了，这一点由“我从主万军之耶和华那里已经听见临到全地的终结和决定”来表示，“终结和决定”表示彻底的摧毁，“全地”表示整个教会，也就是教会的一切；学习并知道圣言是没有用的，这一点由“犁田的人岂会终日耕地撒种”来表示，“耕地撒种”表示学习，“耙地”表示存储在记忆里。圣言的良善和真理当应用于生活的功用，这一点由“他犁平了地面，岂不就撒种小茴香？岂不将量好的小麦，指定的大麦和指定的粗麦撒进去吗”来表示，“他犁平了地面，岂不就撒种小茴香”表示当他通过圣言预备好时；“量好的小麦，指定的大麦和指定的粗麦”表示将良善和真理应用于生活的功用，“小麦”表示良善，“大麦”表示真理，“粗麦”表示知识；聪明只能从这个源头由主那里获得，这一点由“祂为判断如此教导他，他的神指教他”来表示，“判断”表示聪明，“他的神指教他”表示它来自主。
摩西五经：
耶和华使他乘驾地的高处，使他得吃田间的出产；又使他从磐石中咂蜜，从火石中吸油；也吃牛群的奶油，羊群的奶，羊羔和公绵羊，就是巴珊之子，并公山羊的脂肪，与顶肥美的小麦；你要喝葡萄血，就是未掺杂的酒。(申命记32:13–14)
这些话论及主在大洪水之后建立的古教会，古教会处于聪明和智慧，因为它处于仁之良善和由此而来的真理。“耶和华使他乘驾地的高处，使他得吃田间的出产”表示他们从主那里获得的聪明和智慧；他们通过真理所获得的属天和属灵的良善由“祂使他从磐石中咂蜜，从火石中吸油；也吃牛群的奶油，羊群的奶，羊羔和公绵羊，就是巴珊之子，并公山羊的脂肪，与顶肥美的小麦；你要喝葡萄血，就是未掺杂的酒”来描述，“小麦”在此表示一般意义上的一切良善，“葡萄血”和“未掺杂的酒”表示由此而来的一切真理。
诗篇：
甚愿我的民肯听从我，以色列肯行在我的道上！我必拿小麦的脂肪给他们吃，又拿从磐石出的蜂蜜叫他们饱足。(诗篇81:13, 16)
他们所要吃并饱足的“小麦的脂肪”和“从磐石出的蜂蜜”表示从来自主的属天良善及其快乐或享受而来的各种良善；因为“脂肪或脂油”表示属天良善，“小麦”表示各种良善，“蜜”表示良善的快乐或享受，“磐石”表示主。那些照主的诫命生活的人将拥有这些事物，这一点由“甚愿我的民肯听从我，以色列肯行在我的道上”来表示，“道或路”在圣言中表示真理，也表示诫命，“行”表示生活。
又：
耶路撒冷啊，要颂赞耶和华！锡安哪，要赞美你的神！因为祂坚固了你的门闩，赐福给你中间的儿子。祂使你的边界平安，用小麦的脂肪使你满足。(诗篇147:12–14)
“耶路撒冷”和“锡安”表示教会；“耶路撒冷”表示教义之真理方面的教会，“锡安”表示爱之良善方面的教会；“祂使你的边界平安”表示天堂和教会的一切事物，因为“边界”表示所有这些事物；“祂用小麦的脂肪使你满足”表示用一切爱之良善和智慧，“脂肪或脂油”表示爱之良善，“小麦”表示来自它的一切事物，这些事物也是良善，因为它们来自良善；由于所表示的，是这些事物，所以经上说“小麦的脂肪”。
374d. 何西阿书：
耶和华对先知说，你再去爱一个妇人，就是她同伴所爱的，又是个奸妇，就像耶和华爱以色列人，他们仰望别神，喜爱大瓶的葡萄。我便用十五块银子，大麦一俄梅珥，又大麦半贺梅珥，把她买来归我。(何西阿书3:1–2)
这代表了犹太和以色列教会在教义和敬拜上的品质，即：他们因虚妄的传统已经歪曲了圣言的一切事物，尽管他们拜它为神圣。先知所要爱的她同伴所爱的、又是个奸妇的“一个妇人”表示这样一个教会，“一个妇人”表示教会，“她同伴所爱的，又是个奸妇”表示对真理的歪曲和对良善的玷污；“就像耶和华爱以色列人，他们仰望别神”表示教义之虚假和敬拜之邪恶；这些由“仰望别神”来表示；“喜爱大瓶的葡萄”表示唯独字义上的圣言，因为“酒”表示来自圣言的教义之真理，“葡萄”表示它的良善，真理来自这些良善，“大瓶”表示进行盛纳或包含之物，因而表示圣言的终端意义，也就是字义，他们将这层意义应用于自己的虚假和邪恶。“他便用十五块银子把她买来归我”表示以极低的价格，“十五”表示极低；“大麦一俄梅珥”和“大麦半贺梅珥”表示良善和真理如此之少，以至于几乎没有。
马太福音：
约翰论到耶稣说，祂要用圣灵与火给你们施洗；祂手里拿着簸箕，要扬净祂的场，把小麦收在仓里，把糠用不灭的火烧尽。(马太福音3:11–12)
“用圣灵与火施洗”表示改造教会，通过神性真理和神性良善使教会之人重生；“施洗”表示改造和重生；“圣灵”表示从主发出的神性真理，“火”表示祂的神性之爱的神性良善。祂要收在仓里的“麦子”表示属于天堂的源头、祂要保存到永远的各种良善，因而表示那些处于良善的人；要用不灭的火烧尽的“糠”表示属于地狱的源头、祂要毁灭的各种虚假，因而表示那些处于虚假的人；经上因提到“小麦”、“仓”和“糠”，故也提到“簸箕”和“场”，“簸箕”表示分离，“(禾)场”表示进行分离的地方。
同一福音书：
耶稣说，天国好像人撒好种在田里；在人睡觉的时候，他的仇敌来撒下稗子就走了。到长苗吐穗的时候，稗子也显出来。家主的仆人来对他说，主啊，你不是撒好种在田里吗？从哪里来的稗子呢？他对他们说，这是一个人，一个仇敌做的。仆人说，你要我们去把它们薅出来吗？他说，不；恐怕薅稗子，连小麦也与它们一同拔出来。容这两样一齐生长，直到收割；当收割的季节，我要对收割的说，先将稗子薅出来，捆成捆烧掉，惟有小麦要收在我的仓里。(马太福音13:24–30)
这些话涉及什么，这从灵义很清楚地看出来，因为此处的细节都是对应。事实上，主在世时，通过纯粹的对应说话，因为祂从神性说话。此处论述的是最后的审判，那时善人与恶人必分离，善人上天堂，恶人下地狱。那人撒在田里的“好种”表示来自良善的教会真理，“田”表示这些所在的教会，“撒种”表示流注和接受，因而也表示教导；“撒种的人”表示经由圣言而来的主，教会的一切真理都在圣言中；“在人睡觉的时候，他的仇敌来撒下稗子就走了”表示对属世的人们来说，邪恶之虚假从地狱流入，并被接受；因为“睡觉”表示过与属灵生活分离的属世生活(参看AE 187a节)，“仇敌”表示地狱，“稗子”表示虚假之邪恶。至于剩下的部分直到结束表示什么，这可从《最后的审判》(70节)这本小著所阐述的内容清楚看出来；因为它们涉及那里所解释的奥秘；此处只需说明，“小麦”表示真理之良善，因而表示那些通过真理处于良善的人；“稗子”表示虚假之邪恶，因而表示那些通过虚假处于邪恶的人。这些话论及最后的审判，这一点从同一章接下来的话明显看出来，在那里，经上说：
那撒好种的，就是人子；田地就是世界；种子就是天国之子；稗子就是那恶者之子；仇敌就是魔鬼；收割的时候就是时代的完结。(马太福音13:37–39)
“时代的完结”就是当审判发生时的教会末期。从所引用的这些圣言经文可以看出，“小麦”表示总体上的教会良善，“大麦”表示其真理。
374. (Verse 6) A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny. That thereby is signified, that the genuine good of the church is of no account with them, and also the genuine truth, is clear from the signification of measure (choenix), which was the measure for wheat and barley among the Greeks, as denoting the quality of estimation, for by measure in the Word, as was said in the article above, is signified the quality of a thing as to good and as to truth. From the signification of wheat, as denoting the good of the church in general, concerning which we shall speak presently; from the signification of barley, as denoting the truth of that good, which will be also treated of presently; and from the signification of a penny, which is the price of estimation, as denoting as if it were of no account. This piece of money, because it was the smallest of all, consequently, signifies the least price, but here as if it were of no price. The reason is, because by the red horse, spoken of above, is signified the understanding of the Word destroyed as to good, and by the black horse, the understanding of the Word destroyed as to truth (see above, n. 364, and 372); and when the understanding of the Word as to good and truth is destroyed, then the genuine good and genuine truth of the church are estimated as it were at nothing. The reason why it is estimated here at a penny, is, because some piece of money must be assumed, in order that some price may be expressed in the sense of the letter. Because it is said that a balance was in the hand of him that sat on the horse, and that he measured the wheat and the barley, therefore that piece of money, which was the least of all, is taken for the price of estimation; and because there was no longer any understanding of the Word as to good and as to truth, therefore, by a penny, in the spiritual sense, is here signified [that the estimation is] as it were of no account.
[2] The reason why it is said a measure of wheat and three measures of barley, is, because the number one is said of good, and three of truths. And by one, when it is said of good, is signified what is perfect, thus also what is genuine; and by three, when said of truths, is signified what is full, thus also what is genuine; hence it is that a measure of wheat, and three measures of barley, signify the genuine good and the genuine truth of the church. The reason why wheat signifies good, and barley the truth thereof, is, because all things of the field signify the things of the church; and the things of the field, as crops of various kinds, serve for food; and things that are for the food and nourishment of the body, signify, in the spiritual sense, such things as nourish the soul or mind, all of which have relation to the good of love, and the truth of faith; hence wheat and barley especially have such a signification, because bread is made from them. (That foods of every kind signify spiritual food, thus the things pertaining to knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom, consequently the good and truth from which these are, may be seen, n. 3114, 4459, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5410, 5426, 5576, 5582, 5588, 5655, 5915, 8408, 8562, 9003; of bread in general, in the small work concerning the New Jerusalem 218; that field signifies the church. n, 2971, 3766, 9139.) That wheat and barley signify such things, is from correspondence, as may be seen from the things that appear in the spiritual world, where all appearances are correspondences. Plains, fields, crops of various kinds, and also loaves appear there; whence it is known that they correspond, and, consequently, that they have a signification according to correspondences.
[3] That wheat and barley signify the good and truth of the church, wheat the good thereof, and barley the truth, is evident from the passages in the Word where they are mentioned, as from the following. In Jeremiah:
Jehovah "who hath dispersed Israel, shall gather him together, and shall guard him as a shepherd doth his flock; for Jehovah hath redeemed Jacob, and hath liberated him out of the hand of him that was stronger than he; hence shall they come and sing in the height of Zion, and they shall flow together to the good of Jehovah, to the wheat, to the new wine, and to the oil, and to the sons of the flock and of the herd; and their soul shall become as a watered garden" (328); by the hand of him that was stronger than he, is signified from the evil and falsity which before had possession; their internal joy, or joy of heart, arising from celestial good and the truths thence, is signified by, "hence shall they come and sing in the height of Zion, and they shall flow together to the good of Jehovah, to the wheat, to the new wine, and to the oil, and to the sons of the flock and of the herd." To sing in the height of Zion signifies internal celestial joy, or such as exists in the Lord's celestial kingdom, to sing denoting that joy (see above, n. 326); height denoting what is internal, and Zion the celestial kingdom. Wheat signifies the good of the natural man; new wine, the truth thereof; oil, the good of the spiritual man; the sons of the flock signify spiritual truths, and the sons of the herd natural truths; because these are signified, they are called the goodness of Jehovah. That hence they have intelligence and wisdom, is signified by, "their soul shall become as a watered garden"; for by a garden in the Word is signified intelligence, and being watered its increase continually; that wheat, new wine, oil, the sons of the flock and herd, are not meant here, is evident, for it is said that Jehovah hath redeemed Jacob, and that their soul shall become as a watered garden.
[4] In Joel:
"The field is wasted, the land hath mourned; for the corn is wasted; the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth. The husbandmen were ashamed; the vine-dressers howled over the wheat and over the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished" (1:10-12).
These things are not said concerning a field and its barrenness, but concerning the church and its vastation; therefore by field, land, corn, new wine, and oil, are not meant these things, but by the field and by land, the church; by the field, the church as to the reception and increase of truth and good, and by the earth, the church as to the nation therein; by corn, good of every kind in the external man; by new wine, the truth also therein; by oil, the good of the internal man; by the husbandmen who were ashamed, and the vine-dressers who howled over the wheat and over the barley, are signified those who are of the church, and by the wheat and barley are signified the good and the truth thereof; and by the harvest of the field which, consequently, perished, is signified all worship from them.
[5] In Jeremiah:
"The spoilers are come upon all the hills in the wilderness; for the sword of Jehovah shall devour from the end of the earth even to the end of the earth; there is no peace to any flesh. They have sown wheat, and reaped thorns" (12:12, 13).
These things also are said concerning the church and its vastation. By the hills in the wilderness upon which the spoilers are said to come, is signified that all the good of charity has perished through evils and falsities; hills in the Word signify where the good of charity resides, and, in an abstract sense, that good itself. The wilderness signifies where it exists no more, because there is no truth; and spoilers signify evils and falsities whereby good and truth perish. By the sword of Jehovah devouring from the end of the earth even to the end of the earth, is signified falsity destroying all things of the church; by the sword devouring, falsity destroying, and from the end of the earth even to the end of the earth, are signified all things of the church. By, "there is no peace to any flesh," is signified that there is no longer internal rest on account of the dominion of evil and falsity; by, "they have sown wheat, and reaped thorns," is signified that instead of the goods of truth there are evils of falsity, wheat denoting the goods of truth, and thorns denoting the evils of falsity.
[6] In the same:
Ishmael, who was of the seed of the kingdom, slew Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon had made governor over the land, and all the Jews who were with him, and the Chaldeans, also the men from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria; "but ten men were found among them who said unto Ishmael, Slay us not; for we have things hid in the field, wheat and barley, and oil and honey. So he forbare, and slew them not" (41:1-8).
By these historical statements, in the internal sense, is described the condemnation of those who profane holy things; for by Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land, and by the Jews who were with him, also by the Chaldeans, and the men from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, are meant those who profane, and, in an abstract sense, profanations of every kind. For the king of Babylon signifies the profanation of good and truth, their condemnation is signified by their being slain, for by, to be slain, is signified to be slain spiritually (see n. 315); but by the ten men, who said to Ishmael, "Slay us not; for we have things hid in the field, wheat and barley, and oil and honey," are meant those who have not profaned the holy things of the church, because inwardly they possess good and truth; for those who profane have inwardly nothing of good and truth, but only outwardly when they speak and preach, whereas, those who do not profane have good and truth inwardly, and this is meant by their saying, that they had things hid in the field, wheat, barley, oil, and honey; wheat and barley signify the goods and truths of the external man, oil signifies the good of the internal man, and honey, the delight thereof; by ten men are signified all those who are of such a description, the number ten signifying all men and all things; by his forbearing and not slaying them, is signified that they were not profane, thus not condemned; by Ishmael are represented those who are in the genuine truths of the church; this is also signified by the seed of the kingdom from which he was. Such are the things involved in these historical statements, the historical parts of the Word possessing an internal sense as well as the prophetical parts.
[7] In Moses:
"Jehovah thy God bringeth thee unto a good land, a land of rivers of water, of fountains and depths that issue out of valley and mountain; a land of wheat and barley, and of vine, and fig-tree, and pomegranate; a land of olive oil and honey" (Deuteronomy 8:7, 8).
In the sense of the letter the land of Canaan is thus described, but in the spiritual sense the Lord's church, this being signified by the land of Canaan according to this sense; and all the kinds of good and truth pertaining to the church are recounted. The reason why the land is called a land of rivers of water, is, because rivers of water signify the doctrinals of truth. By fountains and depths issuing out of valley and mountain, are signified interior and exterior truths from the Word; by fountains the interior truths thence, and by depths the exterior truths. The latter are said to issue out of the valley, because a valley signifies what is lower and exterior, where such [truths] are; and the former are said to issue out of the mountain, because a mountain signifies what is higher and interior, where such [truths] are. By a land of wheat and barley, and of vine and fig-tree, and pomegranate, is signified the church as to good and truth of every kind; wheat and barley signifying good and truth from a celestial origin; the vine and fig-tree, good and truth from a spiritual origin; and the pomegranate, the knowledges of good and truth. And by a land of olive oil and honey, is signified the church as to the good of love and its delight. He who does not know the spiritual sense of the Word believes simply that the land of Canaan alone is described by these words, in which case the Word would be only natural and not spiritual, and yet the Word in its internal is everywhere spiritual, and it is spiritual when by the above words are understood the spiritual things that are signified, namely, goods and truths of every kind. But what is specifically signified by rivers, fountains, depths, a valley, a mountain, the vine, the fig-tree, the pomegranate, the olive, oil, and honey, is shown in the Arcana Coelestia, all the passages of which it would take too long to adduce; yet several of them have been pointed out, and will be pointed out, in this work upon the Explanation of the Apocalypse; these may be consulted in their proper places.
[8] In Job:
"If I have eaten the strength of the earth without silver, or have caused the soul [of the owners] thereof to expire, let the thorn come forth instead of wheat, and the wild vine instead of barley" (Job 31:38-40).
To eat the strength of the earth without silver, signifies to appropriate to oneself the good of the church without the truth, the earth denoting the church, and silver denoting truth; and to cause the soul [of the owners] thereof to expire, signifies thus to make void spiritual life. "Let the thorn come forth instead of wheat, and the wild vine instead of barley," signifies that evil is regarded as good, and falsity as truth; wheat denoting good, the thorn evil, barley truth, and the wild vine falsity; for good can only be procured by truths.
[9] In Isaiah:
"I have heard a consummation and decision from the Lord Jehovih of hosts upon the whole earth. Will the ploughman plough all day to sow, will he open and harrow his ground? When he hath made plain the faces thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fennel, and cast in the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt? Thus he is instructed to judgment, his God doth teach him" (28:22, 24-26).
By these words, in the spiritual sense, there is described the church with the Jewish and Israelitish nation as being altogether destroyed, and that it was to no purpose to learn and know the Word, but that the good and truth thereof may be applied to the use of life; hence and not otherwise intelligence [can be received] from the Lord. That the church with that nation was altogether destroyed, is meant by, "I have heard a consummation and decision from the Lord Jehovih of hosts upon the whole earth," consummation and decision denoting complete destruction, and the whole earth denoting the whole church, that is, everything thereof; its being to no purpose to learn and know the Word, is signified by, "Will the ploughman plough all day to sow? will he open and harrow his ground?" to plough for sowing denoting to learn, and to harrow the ground denoting to deposit in the memory. That the good and truth of the Word should be applied to the use of life, is signified by, "When he hath made plain the faces thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fennel, and cast in the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt?" When he hath made plain the faces of the ground, and scattered the fennel, signifies when he has prepared by the Word; the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt, signify to apply good and truth to the use of life; wheat denoting good, barley truth, and spelt knowledges; that hence, and in no other way, is there intelligence from the Lord, is signified by, "Thus he is instructed to judgment, his God doth teach him"; judgment signifying intelligence, and his God doth teach him, signifying that it is from the Lord.
[10] In Moses:
"Jehovah made him ride upon the high places of the earth, and he fed him with the produce of the fields; he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flint of the rock; butter of the herd and milk of the flock, with fat of lambs, and rams of the sons of Bashan, and of goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou drinkest the pure blood of grapes" (Deuteronomy 32:12-14).
These things are said of the Ancient Church established by the Lord after the deluge, which was in intelligence and wisdom, because in the good of charity and in the faith thence. Their wisdom and intelligence from the Lord, is signified by, "Jehovah made them to ride upon the high places of the earth, and fed them with the produce of the fields"; the celestial and spiritual goods which they receive by truths, are described by, "He made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flint of the rock; butter of the herd and milk of the flock, with the fat of lambs, and of rams of the sons of Bashan, and of goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou drinkest the pure blood of grapes"; wheat signifies here all good in general, and the blood of grapes, also pure wine, all the truth thence.
[11] In David:
"O that my people had hearkened unto me, and, Israel had walked in my ways! I should have fed them with the fat of wheat; and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied them" (Psalms 81:13, 14, 16).
By the fat of wheat, and by honey out of the rock, with which they would be fed and satisfied, are signified good of every kind from celestial good and the delight thereof from the Lord; for by fat is signified celestial good; by wheat, good of every, kind; by honey, the delight of good; and by a rock, the Lord. That they will possess these things if they live according to the Lord's precepts, is meant by its being said, "O that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways!" ways in the Word signifying truths and also precepts, and to walk signifying to live.
[12] In the same:
"Praise Jehovah, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion. For he strengtheneth the bars of thy gates; he blesseth thy sons in the midst of thee. He maketh thy borders peace, and filleth thee with the fat of wheat" (Psalms 147:12-14).
By Jerusalem and Zion is meant the church; by Jerusalem, the church as to the truths of doctrine, and by Zion the church as to the goods of love; who maketh thy border peace, signifies all things of heaven and the church, for border signifies all those things; "He filleth thee with the fat of wheat," signifies with every good of love and with wisdom, fat signifying the good of love, and wheat all things therefrom, which being from good are also goods; because these things are signified, therefore it is said, "the fat of wheat."
[13] In Hosea:
"Jehovah said" unto the prophet, "Go again, love a woman beloved of her companion, and an adulteress, according to the love of Jehovah toward the sons of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of grapes. And I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for a homer of barley, and a half homer of barley" (3:1, 2).
The quality of the Jewish and Israelitish church as to doctrine and worship was represented by this, namely, that by vain traditions they had falsified all things of the Word, although they worshipped it as holy. A woman beloved of her companion, and an adulteress, whom the prophet was to love, signifies a church of such a quality, a woman the church, and being loved by her companion and an adulteress, the falsification of truth and the adulteration of good; "according to the love of Jehovah toward the sons of Israel, who look to other gods," signifies falsities of doctrine and evils of worship, these things being signified by looking to other gods; loving flagons of grapes, signifies the Word in the sense of the letter alone, for wine signifies truths of doctrine from the Word, grapes the goods of it from which are truths, and a flagon signifies that which contains, thus the ultimate sense of the Word, which is the sense of the letter, which they apply to their own falsities and evils; that he bought her to him for fifteen pieces of silver, signifies at a very small price, fifteen denoting very little; the homer of barley and the half homer of barley signify so little of good and truth, as to be scarcely any.
[14] In Matthew:
John [said] concerning Jesus, "He shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit, and with fire; whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather the wheat into the garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable" (3:11, 12).
By baptizing with the Holy Spirit and with fire, is signified to reform the church, and to regenerate the man of the church by means of Divine truth and Divine good; to baptize signifies to reform and regenerate; the Holy Spirit, the Divine truth proceeding from the Lord; and fire, the Divine good of His Divine love; by the wheat which He will gather into the garner, and by the chaff which He will burn with fire unquenchable, are signified good of every kind, which is of heavenly origin, that it shall be preserved to eternity, consequently, those who are in that [good]; and falsity of every kind, which is of infernal origin, that it shall be destroyed, consequently, those who are in it; and because wheat, a garner, and chaff are mentioned, a fan and a floor are also mentioned, and by the fan is signified separation, and by the floor, where the separation takes place.
[15] In the same:
Jesus said, "The kingdom of the heavens is like unto a man who sowed good seed in his field; but while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares, and went his way. But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. So the servants of the householder coming said unto him, Master, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares? Then he said unto them, An enemy hath done this. And the servants said, Wilt thou therefore that we go and gather them up? But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up at the same time the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest; and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn" (187); the enemy signifies hell, and the tares signify the evils of falsity. What the remaining portions even to the end signify, is evident from what is adduced in the small work concerning the Last Judgment 70); for they involve mysteries which are there laid open; here we need say only, that wheat signifies the good of truth, and thence those who are in good by means of truth; and that by tares are signified the evil of falsity, and thence those who are in evil by means of falsities. That these things are said concerning the Last Judgment, is clear from what follows in the same chapter, where it is said:
"He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man; the field is the world; the seed are the sons of the kingdom; the tares are the sons of the wicked one; the enemy is the devil; the harvest is the consummation of the age" (verses 38, 39);
the consummation of the age denotes the last time of the church, when Judgment takes place. From these passages adduced from the Word, it is evident that wheat signifies the good of the church in general, and barley the truth thereof.
374. Verse 6. A measure of wheat for a denarius, and three measures of barley for a denarius, signifies that the genuine good of the church, as also the genuine truth of the church, is of no account to them. This is evident from the signification of "measure" [choenix] (which was the Greek measure for wheat and barley), as being the quality of estimation, for "measures" in the Word (as was said in the article above), signify the quality of a thing in respect to good and in respect to truth. It is evident also from the signification of "wheat," as being the good of the church in general (of which presently); also from the signification of "barley," as being the truth of that good (of which presently); and from the signification of "a denarius," the standard of estimation, as being as of no account. Because this was the smallest coin, it signifies the least worth, but here as of no account. The reason for this is that "the red horse" (mentioned above), signifies the understanding of the Word destroyed in respect to good, and "the black horse" the understanding of the Word destroyed in respect to truth (See above, n. 364, 372); and when the understanding of the Word in respect to good and in respect to truth has been destroyed, then the genuine good and the genuine truth of the church are estimated as of no account. The "denarius" is here taken as the standard of estimation, because some piece of money must be taken that some price may be expressed in the sense of the letter, since it is said that "a balance was in the hand of him that sat upon the horse," and that "the wheat and the barley were measured;" consequently the smallest coin of all was taken as the standard of the estimation of the price; and as there was no longer any understanding of the Word in respect to good and in respect to truth, a "denarius" in the spiritual sense here signifies as of no account.
[2] It is said, "a measure of wheat and three measures of barley," because "one" is predicated of good, and "three" of truths; and "one," when predicated of good, signifies what is perfect, thus also what is genuine; and "three," when predicated of truths, signifies what is full, thus also what is genuine; consequently "a measure of wheat and three measures of barley" signify the genuine good and the genuine truth of the church. "Wheat" signifies good, and "barley" its truth, because all things belonging to the field signify the things that belong to the church; and things belonging to the field, as crops of various kinds, serve for food; and things for food and for the nourishment of the body signify in the spiritual sense such things as nourish the soul or mind, all of which have relation to the good of love and the truth of faith; thus especially wheat and barley, because bread is made from them. (That foods of every kind signify spiritual food, thus the things of knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom, consequently the good and truth from which these are, see Arcana Coelestia 3114, 4459, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5410, 5426, 5576, 5582, 5588, 5655, 5 9 5915, 8408, 8562, 9003. Of "bread" in general, see the work on The New Jerusalem, n. 218; that "field" signifies the church, seeArcana Coelestia 2971, 3766, 9139.)
That "wheat" and "barley" have such a signification is from correspondence, as is evident from the things that appear in the spiritual world, where all appearances are correspondences. There plains, fields, crops of various kinds, and also bread appear; from this is the knowledge that they are correspondences, and consequently that they have significations according to correspondences.
[3] That "wheat" and "barley" signify the good and truth of the church, "wheat" its good, and "barley" its truth, can be seen also from the passages in the Word where they are mentioned, as from the following. In Jeremiah:
Jehovah, who hath dispersed Israel, will bring him together and will keep him as a shepherd doth his drove; for Jehovah hath ransomed Jacob, and hath redeemed him out of the hand of him that was stronger than he. Therefore shall they come and sing aloud in the height of Zion, and shall flow together unto the good of Jehovah, to the wheat, to the new wine, and to the oil, and to the sons of the flock, and of the herd; and their soul shall become as a watered garden (328; "out of the hand of him that was stronger than he" signifies out of evil and falsity, which before had possession; the internal joy or joy of heart arising from celestial good and truths therefrom that such have, is signified by "therefore shall they come and sing aloud in the height of Zion, and shall flow together unto the good of Jehovah, to the wheat, to the new wine, and to the oil, and to the sons of the flock and of the herd," "to sing in the height of Zion" signifying internal celestial joy, or such as is in the Lord's celestial kingdom, "to sing aloud" meaning that joy (See above, n. 326, "height" what is internal, and "Zion" the celestial kingdom; "wheat" signifies the good of the natural man, "new wine" its truth; "oil" the good of the spiritual man, "the sons of the flock" spiritual truths, and "the sons of the herd" natural truths; because these are what are signified they are called "the good of Jehovah." That such have intelligence and wisdom from this source is signified by "their soul shall become as a watered garden," for "garden" in the Word signifies intelligence, and "watered" continual growth. "Wheat," "new wine," "oil," "the sons of a flock and of the herd," are plainly not here meant, for it is said, "Jehovah hath ransomed Jacob, and their soul shall become as a watered garden. "
[4] In Joel:
The field was devastated, the ground mourned; for the corn was devastated, the new wine was dried up, the oil languished. The husbandmen were ashamed, the vine-dressers howled for the wheat and for the barley, because the harvest of the field hath perished (Joel 1:10, 11).
This is not said of a field and its barrenness, but of the church and its vastation; therefore "field," "ground," "corn," "new wine," and "oil" do not mean these things themselves, but "field" and "ground" mean the church, "field" the church in relation to the reception and bringing forth of truth and good, and "ground" the church in respect to the nation that is in it; "corn" means good of every kind in the external man; "new wine" the truth also therein; "oil" the good in the internal man; "the husbandmen that were ashamed," and "the vine-dressers that howled for the wheat and for the barley" signify those who are of the church, "wheat" and "barley" signifying the good and truth of the church; and "the harvest of the field that thus perished" signifying all worship from good and truth.
[5] In Jeremiah:
Upon all the heights in the wilderness the devastators have come; because the sword of Jehovah devoureth from the end of the land even to the end of the land; no flesh hath peace. They have sown wheat and have reaped thorns (Jeremiah 12:12-13).
This, too is said of the church and its vastation; "the heights in the wilderness upon which the devastators have come" signify that every good of charity has perished through evils and falsities, "heights" in the Word signifying where there is the good of charity, and in an abstract sense that good itself, "wilderness" signifies where there is no good because no truth, and "devastators" signify the evils and falsities through which good and truth perish; "the sword of Jehovah devoureth from the end of the land even to the end of the land" signifies falsity destroying all things of the church, "the sword devouring" meaning falsity destroying, and "from the end of the land even to the end of the land" signifying all things of the church; "no flesh hath peace" signifies that there is no longer internal rest, because of the dominion of evil and falsity; "they have sown wheat and have reaped thorns" signifies that instead of the goods of truth there are the evils of falsity, "wheat" meaning the goods of truth, and "thorns" the evils of falsity.
[6] In the same:
Ishmael, who was of the seed of the kingdom, slew Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon had appointed over the land, and all the Jews who were with him, and the Chaldeans, also the men from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria; but ten men were found among them who said unto Ishmael, Put us not to death, for we have things hid in the field, wheat and barley, and oil and honey. So he forbare, and put them not to death (315; but "the ten men who said to Ishmael, put us not to death for we have things hid in the field, wheat and barley, and oil and honey," mean those who have not profaned the holy things of the church, because inwardly they have good and truth; for those who profane have nothing of good and truth inwardly, but only outwardly when they speak and preach, while those who do not profane have good and truth inwardly; this is meant by their saying that "they have things hid in the field, wheat, barley, oil, and honey," "wheat and barley" signifying the goods and truths of the external man, "oil" the good of the internal man, and "honey" the delight thereof; "ten men" signify all who are such, "ten" signifying all persons and all things; that "he forbare and put them not to death" signifies that they were not profane, thus not damned; "Ishmael" represents those who are in the genuine truths of the church, which is also signified by "the seed of the kingdom," of which he was. Such are the things involved in this history, the histories in the Word equally with the prophecies having an internal sense.
[7] In Moses:
Jehovah thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths going forth in valley and mountain; a land of wheat and barley, and of vine, and fig-tree, and pomegranate; a land of oil olive and honey (Deuteronomy 8:7-8
In the sense of the letter this is a description of the land of Canaan, but in the spiritual sense the Lord's church is described, since this is meant in that sense by "the land of Canaan;" and all kinds of good and truth pertaining to the church are enumerated. The land is called "a land of brooks of water," because "brooks of water" signify the doctrinals of truth; "fountains and depths going forth in valley and mountain" signify interior and exterior truths from the Word, "fountains," interior truths therefrom, and "depths" exterior truths. The latter are said to go forth "out of the valley," because "a valley" signifies what is lower and exterior, where such truths are; and the former are said "to go forth out of the mountain," because a "mountain" signifies what is higher and interior, where truths of that kind are; "a land of wheat and barley, and of vine and fig-tree, and pomegranate," signifies the church in respect to good and truth of every kind, "wheat and barley" signifying good and truth from a celestial origin, "vine and fig-tree" good and truth from a spiritual origin, and "pomegranate" knowledges of good and truth; and "a land of oil olive and honey" signifies the church in respect to the good of love and its enjoyment. One who does not know the spiritual sense of the Word believes no otherwise than that this merely describes the land of Canaan; but in that case the Word would be merely natural, and not spiritual, and yet the Word everywhere is in its bosom spiritual, and it is spiritual when by these words are understood the spiritual things they signify, namely, goods and truths of every kind. (But what "brooks," "fountains," "depths," "valley," "mountain," "vine," "fig-tree," "pomegranate," "olive," "oil" and "honey" signify is shown in Arcana Coelestia, all of which would be too extended to cite here; but many of these things have been shown and will be shown in this explanation of Revelation, and these may be consulted in their places.)
[8] In Job:
If I have eaten the strength (of the earth) without silver, and have made the soul of its [masters] to expire, let the thorn come forth instead of wheat, and the wild vine instead of barley (Job 31:39-40).
"To eat the strength of the earth without silver" signifies to appropriate to oneself the good of the church without the truth, "earth" meaning the church, and "silver" truth; and "to make the soul of its [masters] to expire" signifies thus to empty out the spiritual life; "let the thorn come forth instead of wheat, and the wild vine instead of barley" signifies that evil will be held for good, and falsity for truth, "wheat" meaning good, "thorn" evil, "barley" truth, and "wild vine" falsity; for good can be acquired only by means of truths.
[9] In Isaiah:
I have heard a consummation and decision from the Lord Jehovih of Hosts upon the whole earth. Will the ploughman plough all day for sowing? will he open and harrow his ground? when he hath made plain the faces thereof doth he not scatter the fennel? and doth he not put in the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt? Thus doth he chasten him for judgment, his God doth instruct him (Isaiah 28:22, 24-26).
This in the spiritual sense describes the total destruction of the church with the Jewish and Israelitish nation, and teaches that it is of no avail to learn and know the Word except for the purpose of applying its good and truth to the use of life; from this source and no other is intelligence from the Lord. That the church with that nation was wholly destroyed is meant by "I have heard a consummation and decision from the Lord Jehovih of Hosts upon the whole earth," "consummation and decision" meaning the complete destruction, and "the whole earth," the whole church, that is, every thing of it; that it is of no avail to learn and know the Word is signified by "will the ploughman plough all day for sowing? Will he open and harrow his ground?" "to plough for sowing" meaning to learn, and "to harrow the ground" meaning to deposit in the memory. That the good and truth of the Word should be applied to the use of life is signified by "when he hath made plain the faces thereof, doth he not scatter the fennel, and put in the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt?" "When he hath made plain the faces of the ground he scattereth the fennel" signifies when there is preparation by the Word; "the measured wheat and the appointed barley and the appointed spelt" signify the application of good and truth to the use of life, "wheat" meaning good, "barley" truth, and "spelt" knowledges; and that from this source and no other is intelligence from the Lord is signified by "thus doth he chasten for judgment, his God doth instruct him," "judgment" signifying intelligence, and "his God doth instruct him" signifying that it is from the Lord.
[10] In Moses:
Jehovah made him ride upon the high places of the earth, and fed him with the increase of the fields; He made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock; butter of the herd and milk of the flock, with the fat of lambs, and of rams, the sons of Bashan, and of he-goats, with the fat of the kidneys of wheat; and thou drinkest the blood of grapes, unmixed wine (Deuteronomy 32:13-14).
This is said of the Ancient Church established by the Lord after the flood, which was in intelligence and wisdom, because it was in the good of charity and in the faith therefrom. This intelligence and wisdom from the Lord is signified by "Jehovah made him to ride upon the high places of the earth, and fed him with the increase of the fields;" the celestial and spiritual goods that they received through truths are described by "He made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock; butter of the herd and milk of the flock, with the fat of lambs, and of rams, the sons of Bashan, and of he-goats, with the fat of the kidneys of wheat; and thou drinkest the blood of grapes, unmixed wine," "wheat" signifying here in a general sense all good, and "blood of grapes" and "unmixed wine" all truth therefrom.
[11] In David:
O that My people would hearken unto Me, and Israel would walk in My ways! I would feed 1them with the fat of wheat; and with honey out of the rock I would satisfy them (Psalms 81:13, 16).
"Fat of wheat," and "honey out of the rock with which they would be fed and satisfied" signify good of every kind from celestial good and enjoyment thereof from the Lord; for "fat" signifies celestial good, "wheat" good of every kind, "honey" the enjoyment of good, and "rock" the Lord. That those who live according to the Lord's commandments will possess these things is meant by "O that My people would hearken unto me, and Israel would walk in My ways!" "Ways" in the Word signifying truths and also commandments, and "to walk" signifying to live.
[12] In the same:
Celebrate Jehovah, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion. For He strengtheneth the bars of thy gates, He blesseth thy sons in the midst of thee. He maketh thy border peace, and satisfieth thee with the fat of wheat (Psalms 147:12-14).
"Jerusalem" and "Zion" mean the church; "Jerusalem" the church in respect to the truths of doctrine, and "Zion" the church in respect to the goods of love; "He maketh thy border peace" signifies all things of heaven and the church, for "border" signifies all these things; "He satisfieth thee with the fat of wheat" signifies with every good of love and with wisdom, "fat" signifying the good of love, and "wheat" all things from it, which are goods because they are from good; these things being signified, it is said, "the fat of wheat."
[13] In Hosea:
Jehovah said to the prophet, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her companion, and an adulteress, even as the love of Jehovah to the sons of Israel, who regard other gods, and love flagons of grapes. And I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for a homer of barley, and a half homer of barley (Hosea 3:1-2).
This represented what the Jewish and Israelitish church was in respect to doctrine and worship, namely that by vain traditions it had falsified all things of the Word, though worshiping it as holy; "a woman beloved of her companion, and an adulteress whom the prophet should love" signifies such a church, "a woman" signifying the church, and "beloved of her companion and an adulteress" the falsification of truth and the adulteration of good; "even as the love of Jehovah to the sons of Israel, who regard other gods" signifies the falsities of doctrine and the evils of worship; these are signified by "regarding other gods;" "loving flagons of grapes" signifies the Word in the sense of the letter alone, for "wine" signifies the truths of doctrine from the Word, "grapes" its goods from which are truths, and "a flagon" signifies that which contains, thus the ultimate sense of the Word, which is the sense of the letter, and which they apply to their falsities and evils. "He bought her to him for fifteen pieces of silver" signifies for a small price, "fifteen" meaning very little; "a homer of barley" and "half a homer of barley" signifying so little of good and truths as to be scarcely any.
[14] In Matthew:
John said of Jesus, He shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire; whose fan is in His hand, and He will thoroughly purge His floor; and will gather the wheat into the garner; but the chaff He will burn with unquenchable fire (Matthew 3:11-12).
"To baptize with the Holy Spirit and with fire" signifies to reform the church and to regenerate the man of the church by means of Divine truth and Divine good; "to baptize" signifying to reform and to regenerate, "the Holy Spirit" Divine truth proceeding from the Lord, and "fire" the Divine good of His Divine love. "The wheat that He will gather into the garner" signifies good of every kind that is of heavenly origin, which He is to preserve to eternity, thus those who are in good; and "the chaff that He will burn with unquenchable fire" signifies falsity of every kind that is of infernal origin, which He is to destroy, thus those who are in falsity; and because "wheat," "garner," and "chaff" are mentioned, "fan" and "floor" are also mentioned, "fan" signifying separation, and "floor" signifying where separation is effected.
[15] In the same:
Jesus said, The kingdom of the heavens is like unto a man that sowed good seed in his field; but while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares, and went away. But when the blade sprang up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. And the servants of the householder coming said unto him, Lord, didst thou not sow good seed in thy field? whence then hath it tares? Then he said unto them, A man, an enemy hath done this. But the servants said, wilt thou then that we going out gather them up? But he said, Nay; lest haply while ye gather up the tares, ye root up at the same time the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest; and in the season of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye first the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn (Matthew 13:24-30).
What these words involve is very clear from the spiritual sense, for the particulars here are correspondences. For when the Lord was in the world, He spoke by pure correspondences, because He spoke from the Divine. Here the Last Judgment is treated of when there must be a separation of the good from the evil, and the good are to come into heaven, and the evil into hell. "The good seed in the field that the man sowed" signifies the truths of the church that are from good, "field" signifying the church where these are, and "sowing" signifying influx and reception, thus also instruction; "the man who sowed" means the Lord through the Word, in which are all the truths of the church; "while men slept his enemy came and sowed tares, and went away," signifies that with natural men the falsities of evil flow in from hell, and are received; for "to sleep" signifies to live a natural life separated from the spiritual life (See above Matthew 13:37-39).
"The consummation of the age" is the last time of the church when judgment takes place. From these passages quoted from the Word it can be seen that "wheat" signifies the good of the church in general, and "barley" its truth.
Footnotes:
1. In AC 6377 we read "He would feed."
374. (Vers. 6.) " (Et audivi vocem in medio quatuor animalium dicentem, ) Choenix tritici denario, et tres choenices hordei denario." - Quod significet quod genuinum bonzim ecclesiae illis sit nihili et quoque genuinum verum ecclesiae, constat ex significatione "choenicis", quae fuit mensura tritici et hordei apud Graecos, quod sit quale aestimationis; nam per "mensuras" in Verbo (ut in superiori articulo dictum est) significatur quale rei quoad bonum et quoad verum; ex significatione "tritici", quod sit bonum ecclesiae in genere (de qua sequitur); ex significatione "hordei", quod sit verum illius boni (de qua etiam sequitur); et ex significatione "denarii", qui est aestimationis pretium, quod sit tanquam nihili: is nummus quia erat omnium minimus, inde per illum significatur pretium minimum, hic autem tanquam nihili. Causa est, quia per "equum rufum" (de quo supra) significatur intellectus Verbi deperditus quoad bonum, et per "equum nigrum" intellectus Verbi deperditus quoad verum (supra, n. 364 et 372); et cum intellectus Verbi quoad bonum et quoad verum deperditus est, tunc genuinum bonum ac genuinum verum ecclesiae aestimatur tanquam nihili. Quod aestimetur hic pro "denario", est quia aliquis nummus assumendus erat, ut aliquid pretii diceretur in sensu litterae, quia dicitur quod "statera esset in manu sedentis super equo", ac quod "triticum et hordeum mensurarentur"; ideo is nummus qui erat omnium minimus, pro aestimationis pretio assumptus est; et quia intellectus Verbi quoad bonum et quoad verum non amplius est, ideo per "denarium" hic in sensu spirituali significatur tanquam nihili.
[2] Quod dicatur "choenix tritici et tres choenices hordei", est quia "unum" praedicatur de bono, ac "tria" de veris; ac per "unum" cum de bono significatur perfectum, ita quoque genuinum, et per "tria" cum de veris significatur plenum, ita quoque genuinum; inde est quod per "choenix tritici et tres choenices hordei" significetur genuinum bonum et genuinum verum ecclesiae.
Quod "triticum" significet bonum, et "hordeum" verum ejus, est quia omnia quae agri sunt, significant illa quae ecclesiae sunt; et illa quae agri sunt, ut messes varii generis, inserviunt esui; ac quae esui sunt et nutriunt corpus, significant in spirituali sensu talia quae nutriunt animam seu mentem, quae omnia se referunt ad bonum amoris et ad verum fidei; inde imprimis "triticum" et "hordeum", quia ex illis panis.
(Quod "cibi" omnis generis significent cibum spiritualem, ita quae sunt scientiae, intelligentiae et sapientiae, proinde bonum et verum ex quibus illa, videatur n. 3114, 4459, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5410, 5426, 5576, 5582, 5588, 1
5655, 2
5915, 3
8408, 8562, 9003; in genera "panis", in opusculo De Nova Hierosolyma, n. 218; quod "ager significet ecclesiam, n. 2971, 3766, 9139.)
Quod "triticum" et "hordeum" significent talia, est ex correspondentia, ut constare potest ex illis quae apparent in mundo spirituali, ubi omnes apparentiae sunt correspondentiae; apparent ibi campi, agri, messes varii generis, et quoque panes; unde scitur quod correspondeant, et consequenter quod secundum correspondentias significent.
[3] Quod "triticum" et "hordeum" significent bonum et verum ecclesiae, "triticum" bonum ejus et "hordeum" verum ejus, etiam constare potest ex locis in Verbo ubi nominantur, ut ex sequentibus:
Apud Jeremiam,
Jehovah "qui dispersit Israelem, congregabit eum, et custodiet eum sicut pastor gregem suum; quia redemit Jehovah Jacobum, et liberavit eum e manu fortioris illo: unde venient et canent in altitudine Zionis, et confluent ad bonum Jehovae, ad triticum, ad mustum, et ad oleum, et ad filios gregis et armenti; et fiet anima eorum sicut hortus irriguus" (31:10-12):
agitur ibi de instauratione ecclesiae novae; per "Israelem" et per Jacobum" significatur illa ecclesia; per "Israelem" ecclesia spiritualis interna, et per "Jacobum" externa, nam omnis ecclesia est interna et externa: instauratio ejus describitur per quod "Jehovah congregabit eum, custodiet eum sicut pastor gregem suum, quia redemit Jacobum, et liberavit e manu fortioris illo"; per "redimere" significatur reformare (videatur supra, n. 328); per "manum fortioris illo" significatur e malo et falso, quae prius occupaverunt; gaudium internum seu gaudium cordis illorum oriundum ex bono caelesti et ex veris inde, significatur per "unde venient et canent in altitudine Zionis, et confluent ad bonum Jehovae, ad triticum, ad mustum, et ad oleum, et ad filios gregis et armenti"; "canere in altitudine Zionis" significat gaudium internum caeleste seu quale est in regno caelesti Domini, "canere" gaudium illud (videatur supra, n. 326), "altitudo" internum, et "Zion" regnum caeleste; "triticum" significat bonum naturalis hominis, "mustum" verum ejus, "oleum" bonum spiritualis hominis, "filii gregis" vera spiritualia, et "filii armenti" vera naturalia; haec quia significantur, vocantur "bonum Jehovae": quod illis inde intelligentia et sapientia, significatur per "fiet anima eorum sicut hortus irriguus", per "hortum" enim in Verbo significatur intelligentia, et per "irriguum" continue crescens: quod non ibi intelligantur triticum, mustum, oleum, filii gregis et armenti, patet, nam dicitur "redemit Jehovah Jacobum", et quod "fiet anima eorum sicut hortus irriguus."
[4] Apud Joelem,
"Devastatus est ager, luxit terra, quia devastatum est frumentum, exaruit mustum, languet oleum; pudefacti sunt agricolae, ejularunt vinitores, super tritico et super hordeo, eo quod perierit messis agri" (1:10-12):
haec non dicta sunt de agro et ejus sterilitate, sed de ecclesia et ejus vastatione; quare per "agrum", "terram", "frumentum", "mustum" et "oleum", non illa intelliguntur, sed per "agrum" et per "terram" ecclesia, (per "agrum" ecclesia quoad receptionem et procreationem veri et boni, et per "terram" ecclesia quoad gentem ibi, ) per "frumentum" bonum omnis generis in externo homine, per "mustum" verum etiam ibi, per "oleum" bonum in interno homine; per "agricolas" qui pudefacti, et per "vinitores" qui ejularunt, super tritico et super hordeo, significantur illi qui ab ecclesia, et per "triticum' et per "hordeum" significatur bonum ejus et verum ejus; et per "messem agri" quae inde periit, significatur omnis cultus ex illis.
[5] Apud Jeremiam,
"Super omnes colles in deserto venerunt vastatores, quia gladius Jehovae devorans a fine terrae usque ad finem terrae: non pax ulli carni; severunt tritica, et spinas messuerunt" (12:12, 13):
etiam haec dicta sunt de ecclesia et ejus vastatione; per "colles in deserto" super quos "venerunt vastatores" significatur quod omne bonum charitatis perierit per mala et falsa; "colles" in Verbo significant ubi bonum charitatis, et in sensu abstracto ipsum illud bonum, "desertum" significat ubi non illud quia non verum, et "vastatores" significant mala et falsa per quae bonum et verum pereunt: per "gladium Jehovae devorantem a fine terrae usque ad finem terrae" significatur falsum destruens omnia ecclesiae; per "gladium devorantem" falsum destruens, et per "a fine terrae usque ad finem terrae" significantur omnia ecclesiae: per "non pax ulli carni" significatur quod non amplius interna requies propter dominium mali et falsi: per "severunt tritica, et spinas messuerunt" significatur quod pro bonis veri sint mala falsi; "tritica" sunt bona veri, et "spinae" sunt mala falsi.
[6] Apud eundem,
Ismael qui fuit de semine regni, occidit Gedaliam, quem fecerat rex Babelis praefectum in terra, et omnes Judaeos qui fuerunt cum eo, et Chaldaeos, tum viros ex Sichem, ex Schilunte et Samaria: "decem tamen viri inventi sunt inter eos, qui dixerunt ad Ismaelem, Ne occidas nos, quia sunt nobis abscondita in agro, tritica et hordea, et oleum et mel; ideo omisit eos nec occidit" (41:1-8):
per haec historica in sensu interno describitur damnatio eorum qui profanant sancta; per "Gedaliam" enim, quem rex Babelis praefectum fecit in terra, et per "Judaeos qui fuerunt cum eo", ac per "Chaldaeos", "viros ex Sichem, ex Schilunte et Samaria", intelliguntur illi qui profanant, ac in sensu abstracto omnis generis profanationes, nam "rex Babelis" significat profanationem boni et veri; damnatio eorum significatur per quod "occisi sint", per "occidi" enim significatur spiritualiter occidi (videatur n. 315); per "decem" autem "viros", qui dixerunt ad Ismaelem, "Ne occidas nos, quia sunt nobis abscondita in agro, tritica et hordea, et oleum et mel", intelliguntur illi qui non profanarunt sancta ecclesiae, quia illis bonum et verum intus est; qui enim profanant, illis nihil boni et veri intus est, sed modo extra cum loquuntur et praedicant; at illis qui non profanant est bonum et verum intus: hoc intelligitur per quod dixerint "esse illis abscondita in agro, tritica, hordea, oleum et mel"; per "tritica" et "hordea" significantur bona et vera externi hominis, per "oleum" significatur bonum interni hominis, et per "mel" ejus jucundum; per "decem viros" significantur omnes illi qui tales sunt, nam "decem" significant omnes et omnia: per quod "omiserit eos et non "occiderit" significatur quod non profani, ita non damnati: per Ismaelem repraesentantur qui in genuinis veris ecclesiae sunt, quod etiam significatur per "semen regni" e quo erat. Talia involvunt haec historica, nam historica in Verbo aeque habent sensum internum ac prophetica.
[7] Apud Mosen,
"Jehovah Deus tuus deducens te ad terram bonam, terram fluviorum aquae, fontium et abyssorum exeuntium e valle et e monte, terram tritici et hordei, et vitis et ficus, et malogranati, terram olivae olei et mellis" (Deuteronomius 8:7, 8):
describitur ita terra Canaan in sensu litterae, at in sensu spirituali describitur ecclesia Domini, quoniam haec per "terram Canaan" in hoc sensu significatur, et recensentur omnia genera boni et veri quae ecclesiae sunt; quod dicatur "terra fluviorum aquae", est quia "fluvii aquae" significant doctrinalia veri; per "fontes et abyssos exeuntes e valle et e monte" significantur interiora et exteriora vera ex Verbo, per "fontes" interiora vera inde, et per "abyssos", exteriora vera; haec dicuntur "ex valle exire" quia "vallis" significat inferiora et exteriora ubi talia, et illa dicuntur "ex monte exire" quia "mons" significat superiora et interiora ubi talia: per "terram tritici et hordei, et vitis et ficus, et malogranati", significatur ecclesia quoad bonum et verum omnis generis, "triticum et hordeum" significant bonum et verum ex caelesti origine, "vitis et ficus" bonum et verum ex spirituali origine, et "malogranatum" cognitiones boni et veri; et per "terram olivae olei et mellis", significatur ecclesia quoad bonum amoris et ejus jucundum. Qui non scit sensum spiritualem Verbi, is non aliter credit quam quod solum terra Canaan per illa verba describatur; unde foret Verbum modo naturale et non spirituale; et tamen Verbum ubivis in sinu suo est spirituale, et spirituale est quum per verba illa intelliguntur spiritualia quae significantur, nempe bona et vera omnis generis. (Quid autem in specie per "fluvios", "fontes", "abyssos", "vallem", "montem", "vitem", "ficum", "malogranatum", "olivam", "oleum" et "mel" significatur, ostensum est in Arcanis Caelestibus, quae omnia adducere prolixum nimis foret; pleraque tamen ex illis ostensa sunt et ostendentur in hac super Apocalypsin explicatione, quae consulantur in suis locis.)
[8] Apud Hiobum,
"Si vim" terrae "comedi sine argento, et animam (dominorum) ejus exhalare feci, pro tritico exeat spina, et pro hordeo labrusca" (31:39, 40):
"vim terrae comedere sine argento" significat appropriare sibi bonum ecclesiae absque vero ("terra" est ecclesia, et "argentum" est verum); et "exhalare facere animam (dominorum) ejus" significat sic vitam spiritualem evacuare; "pro tritico exeat spina, et pro hordeo labrusca", significat quod pro bono habeatur malum, et pro vero falsum ("triticum" est bonum, "Spina" malum, "hordeum" verum, et "labrusca" falsum); bonum enim non comparari potest nisi per vera.
[9] Apud Esaiam,
"Consummationem et decisionem audivi a cum Domino Jehovih Zebaoth, super universam terram... num toto die arabit arator ad serendum, aperiet et occabit terram suam? nonne quando complanavit facies ejus, dispergit nigellam?... et reponit triticum mensuratum et hordeum designatum, et zeas designatas? ita erudit eum ad judicium, Deus ejus docet eum" (28:22, 24-26):
per haec in sensu spirituali describitur quod ecclesia apud gentem Judaicam et Israeliticam prorsus destructa sit, et quod nihil faciat quod discant et sciant Verbum, sed ut bonum et verum ejus usui vitae applicetur; inde et non aliunde intelligentia a Domino: quod ecclesia apud illam gentem prorsus destructa sit, intelligitur per "Consummationem et decisionem audivi a Domino Jehovih Zebaoth super universam terram"; "consummatio et decisio" est plenaria destructio, et "universa terra" est tota ecclesia, hoc est, omne ejus; quod nihil faciat quod discant et sciant Verbum, significatur per "Num toto die arabit arator ad serendum, aperiet et occabit terram suam?" "Arare ad serendum" est discere, et "occare terram" est reponere in memoria. Quod bonum et verum Verbi usui vitae applicandum sit, significatur per "Nonne quando complanavit facies ejus, dispergit nigellam, et reponit triticum mensuratum et hordeum designatum, et zeas designatas?" "Nonne quando complanavit facies terrae dispergit nigellam?" significat quando praeparavit per Verbum; "triticum mensuratum et hordeum designatum, et zeae designatae?" significant applicare bonum et verum usui vitae ("triticum" est bonum, "hordeum" est verum, et "zeae" sunt cognitiones): quod inde non aliunde intelligentia a Domino, significatur per "ita erudit ad judicium, Deus ejus docet eum"; "judicium significat intelligentiam, "Deus ejus docet eum" significat quod a Domino.
[10] Apud Mosen,
Jehovah "equitare fecit eum super excelsis terrae, et cibavit proventu agrorum, sugere fecit eum mel e rupe, et oleum e saxo petrae; butyrum armenti et lac gregis cum adipe agnorum et arietum filiorum Baschanis et hircorum, cum adipe renum tritici, et 4
sanguinem uvarum bibis merum" (Deuteronomius 32:13, 14):
haec dicta sunt de Ecclesia Antiqua post diluvium a Domino instaurata, quae in intelligentia et sapientia erat quia in bono charitatis et inde in fide; intelligentia eorum et sapientia a Domino significatur per quod "Jehovah equitare fecerit eum super excelsis terrae, et cibaverit proventu agrorum"; bona caelestia et spiritualia quae illis per vera, describuntur per quod "sugere fecerit eum mel e rupe, et oleum e saxo petrae, butyrum armenti et lac gregis cum adipe agnorum et arietum filiorum Baschanis et hircorum, cum adipe renum tritici, et sanguinem uvarum bibis merum"; "triticum" significat ibi in genere omne bonum, et "sanguis uvarum" ac "merum" omne verum inde.
[11] Apud Davidem,
"Utinam populus meus obediret Mihi, et Israel in viis meis ambularent, ... 5
cibarem eos adipe tritici, et e petra melle saturarem eos (Psalms 81:14, 17 [B.A. 13, 16]):
per "adipem tritici", et per "mel e petra", quibus cibarentur et saturarentur, significatur bonum omnis generis ex bono caelesti, et jucundum ejus a Domino, per "adipem", enim significatur bonum caeleste, per "triticum" bonum omnis generis, per "mel" jucundum boni, et per "petram" Dominus; quod haec illis si vivant secundum praecepta Domini, intelligitur per "Utinam populus meus obediret Mihi, et Israel in viis meis ambularent"; "viae" in Verbo significant vera et quoque praecepta, ac "ambulare" significat vivere.
[12] Apud eundem,
"Lauda, Hierosolyma, Jehovam; collauda, Zion, Deum tuum; nam firmat Vectes portarum tuarum: benedicit filiis tuis in medio tui, qui ponit terminum tuum pacem, adipe triticorum satiat te" (Psalms 147:12-14):
per "Hierosolymam" et "Zionem" intelligitur ecclesia, per "Hierosolymam" ecclesia quoad vera doctrinae, et per "Zionem" ecclesia quoad bona amoris; "qui ponit terminum tuum pacem" significat omnia caeli et ecclesiae, nam "terminus" significat omnia illa; "adipe triticorum satiat te" significat omni bono amoris et sapientia, "adeps" enim significat bonum amoris, et "triticum" omnia quae ex illo, quae quia ex bono sunt etiam bona sunt; quia haec significantur, ideo dicitur "adeps triticorum."
[13] Apud Hoscheam,
"Dixit Jehovah" ad prophetam, "Denuo abi, ama mulierem amatam socio et adulterantem, juxta amorem Jehovae erga filios Israelis, et hi respicientes ad deos alios, et amantes lagenas uvarum: et comparavi eam mihi per quindecim argenti, et corum hordeorum, et semicorum hordeorum" (3:1, 2):
per hoc repraesentabatur Ecclesia Judaica et Israelitica qualis erat quoad doctrinam et cultum, quod nempe per traditiones vanas falsificaverit omnia Verbi, tametsi id ut sanctum coluerunt; "mulier amata socio et adulterans" quam propheta amaret, significat ecclesiam talem; "mulier" ecclesiam, "amata socio et adulterans" falsificationem veri et adulterationem boni: "juxta amorem Jehovae erga filios Israelis, et hi respicientes ad deos alios", significat falsa doctrinae et mala cultus; haec significantur per "respicere ad deos alios": "amantes lagenas uvarum" significat Verbum in solo sensu litterae, nam "vinum" significat vera doctrinae ex Verbo, "uvae" bona ejus ex quibus vera, et "lagena" id quod continet; ita ultimum Verbi sensum, qui est sensus litterae, quem applicant suis falsis et malis: quod "comparaverit sibi illam per quindecim argenti" significat exiguo pretio; "quindecim significant exiguum: "corus hordeorum et semicorus hordeorum" significat tam parum boni et veri ut vix aliquid.
[14] Apud Matthaeum,
Johannes de Jesu, "Ille vos baptizabit spiritu sancto et igne, cujus ventilabrum in manu Ipsius, et perpurgabit aream suam, et colliget triticum in horreum, paleam autem comburet igne inexstinguibili" (3:11, 12):
per "baptizare spiritu sancto et igne" significatur reformare ecclesiam et regenerare hominem ecclesiae per Divinum Verum et Divinum Bonum; "baptizare" significat reformare et regenerare, "spiritus sanctus" Divinum Verum procedens ab Ipso, et "ignis" Divinum Bonum Divini Amoris Ipsius: per "triticum" quod colliget in horreum, et per "paleam" quam comburet igne inexstinguibili, significatur bonum omnis generis quod ex origine caelesti quod in aeternum conservaturus, ita eos qui in illo sunt, et falsum omnis generis quod ex origine infernali quod destructurus, ita eos qui in illo sunt; et quia dicitur "triticum", "horreum" et "palea", etiam dicitur "ventilabrum" et "area", ac per "ventilabrum" significatur separatio, ac per "aream" ubi separatio fit.
[15] Apud eundem,
Jesus dixit, "simile est regnum caelorum homini seminanti bonum semen in agro suo, sed cum dormiverunt homines, venit ejus inimicus et seminavit zizania et abivit: quum vero germinavit herba, et fructum fecit, tunc apparuerunt etiam zizania: accedentes autem servi patrisfamilias dixerunt illi, Domine, nonne bonum semen seminasti in agro tuo? unde ergo habet zizania? Hic tunc dixit illis, Inimicus homo hoc fecit. Servi autem dixerunt, Visne ergo exeuntes colligamus ea? Ipse vero dixit, Non, ne forte colligentes zizania eradicetis simul cum illis triticum; sinite una crescere utraque usque ad messem, et in tempore messis dicam messoribus, Colligite prius zizania, et colligate ea in fasciculos ad comburendum ea, triticum vero congregate in horreum meum" (13:24-30):
quid haec involvunt, patet manifeste ex sensu spirituali, nam singula ibi sunt correspondentiae; Dominus enim cum in mundo fuit per meras correspondentias locutus est, quia ex Divino; agitur ibi de ultimo judicio, quando separandi sunt boni a malis, ac boni venturi in caelum et mali in infernum: "semen bonum in agro", quod homo seminavit, significat ecclesiae vera quae ex bono sunt; "ager" significat ecclesiam ubi illa, et "seminare" significat influere ac recipere, ita quoque instruere: "homo qui seminavit" est Dominus per Verbum ubi omnia vera ecclesiae sunt: "cum dormiverunt homines, venit ejus inimicus et seminavit zizania et abivit", significat quod apud naturales homines falsa mali ab inferno influant et recipiantur, "dormire" enim significat vivere vitam naturalem absque spirituali (videatur supra, n. 187(a)), et "inimicus" significat infernum, et "zizania" significant mala falsi. Quid reliqua usque ad finem significant, constare poteSt ex illis quae in opusculo De Ultimo Judicio (n. 70) adducta sunt, involvunt enim arcana , quae ibi exposita sunt; hic solum quod per "triticum" significetur bonum veri et inde illi qui in bono per vera sunt, ac per "zizania" malum falsi et inde illi qui in malo per falsa sunt. Quod illa dicta sint de ultimo judicio, constat ex sequentibus in eo capite, ubi dicitur,
"Qui seminat bonum semen est Filius hominis, ager est mundus, semen. .. sunt filii regni, zizania sunt filii mali, inimicus... est diabolus, messis consummatio saeculi" (vers. [37,] 38, 39):
"consummatio saeculi" est ultimum tempus ecclesiae quando judicium. Ex his locis ex Verbo allatis constare potest quod "triticum" significet bonum ecclesiae in genere, ac "hordeum" verum ejus.
Footnotes:
1. The editors made a correction or note here.
2. The editors made a correction or note here.
3. The editors made a correction or note here.
4. The editors made a correction or note here.
5. The editors made a correction or note here.