2715# 这段文字揭示了两个深奥的真理：首先，相较于其它状态，属灵人所拥有的良善是相对模糊的；其次，这种模糊通过主的神性之人得到光照。
让我们先来探讨第一个真理。为什么说属灵人的良善是相对模糊的呢？我们可以通过比较属灵人和属天人的状态来理解这一点（参见2708节）。对于属天人而言，良善直接被根植于他们的意志之中，这使得光明自然而然地流入他们的理智。然而，属灵人的情况则截然不同。他们的意志已经完全败坏。以至于他们之中没有任何良善，因此主将良善植入他们的理智。（参863，875，895，927，928，1023，1043，1044，2124，2256节）。
意志部分是人主要的生命所在，而理智则是因意志而活。因此，当属灵人的意志如此沦丧以至于只剩下邪恶，而且邪恶不断地、持续地从那里流入他的理智部分或思维中，很明显，理智中的良善相对是模糊的。
【2】这就解释了为什么属灵的人对主没有如同属天的人那般的爱，因此也缺乏谦卑之心，而谦卑是所有崇拜的本质，是主的良善能够流入的途径。高傲的心永远无法接受从主流入的良善，唯有谦卑的心才能。属灵的人对邻舍的爱也不如属天的人，因为他们的意志中不断流入自我之爱和世俗之爱，遮蔽了对邻舍之爱的善意。每个人若反思都能意识到这一点，比如当他为他人行善时，往往带有世俗目的，虽然不明显，但内心期待着回报，无论是来自受益者，还是主在来生的奖赏。因此，他的善行仍然被功德心所玷污。还有，当他行了某些善事后，如果他能够回想起这些善事，并因此将自己置于他人之上，他就会从中获得生活的愉悦。相比之下，属天的人爱邻舍胜过自己，从不考虑回报，也绝不以任何方式认为自己优于他人。
【3】此外，属灵人的良善因各种原则的说服性观念而变得模糊，这些观念也源于自我之爱和对世界的爱。信仰的说服性是什么样的，可以在第2682和2689节末尾看到；这也是由于他们意志部分的邪恶流入。
【4】此外，从这一点可以看出，属灵人的良善相对来说是模糊的。因为他不是通过某种直接领受来知道什么是真理（就像属天的人那样），而是通过父母和老师的指导，以及他所生于其中的教义。当他从自己的思考中增添一些东西时，大多数感官及其谬误，以及理性及其表象就占了上风，使得他几乎无法认识到任何纯粹的真理，这与属天的人所认识的大不相同。
然而，主仍然将良善植入这些似是而非的真理中，即使它们是错谬的真理或真理的表象。但良善因此变得模糊，被它所结合的真理所限定。这就像阳光照射到物体上一样：接收光的物体的性质使得光在那里以颜色的形式出现。如果形式和接收的性质是得体的和相应的，就会显得美丽；如果形式和接收的性质是不得体的，也不那么相应，光就会显得不美。因此，良善本身是根据真理而获得表现形式的。
【5】属灵人对恶的认知是有限的。他们通常只认为违反十诫的行为是恶，而忽视了许多情感和思想层面的恶。他们不仅不了解这些恶，也不会反思或称它们为恶。相反，他们常常将各种欲望和快乐视为善，甚至追求和赞同自我之爱带来的愉悦，没有意识到这些会影响他们的灵性，以及在来生可能带来的后果。
尽管整本圣经主要讲述对主的仁爱和对邻舍的仁义，属灵人仍然难以理解良善是信仰的本质，也不明白仁爱和仁义的真正含义。即使对于他们认为是信仰本质的内容，他们也常常质疑其真实性，除非通过长期的生活经验得到证实。相比之下，属天人知道并直接领受到这些真理，正如主在《马太福音》中所说：
你们的话，是，就说是；不是，就说不是；若再多说，就是出于那恶者。（马太福音5:37）
属天人直接处于真理之中，而属灵人则常常争论什么是真理。因此，属天人能从真理中看到无数相关的方面，就像从光中看到整个天堂。但属灵人因为总是在质疑真理，就无法及时达到属天人光明的起点，更不用说从属天人的视角去理解真理了。
2715、这里有两个奥秘：第一，与属天人的良善相比，属灵人的良善是模糊的；第二，这种模糊被主的神性人身或人性光照。关于第一个奥秘，即：与属天人的良善相比，属灵人的良善是模糊的，这个奥秘从前面（2708节）关于对比属天人和属灵人的状态的论述明显看出来。这两种状态的对比使得这种模糊变得显而易见。对属天人来说，良善本身被植入其心智的意愿部分，光从那里进入理解力部分。但对属灵人来说，整个意愿部分都被毁灭了，以致他们根本没有来自意愿的良善；因此，主才将良善植入他们心智的理解力部分（参看863，875，895，927，928，1023，1043，1044，2124，2256节）。拥有生命的，主要是人心智的意愿部分，理解力部分则从意愿获得生命。因此，既然对属灵人来说，意愿部分已经被如此毁灭，以至于无非是邪恶，而邪恶持续不断地从意愿部分流入理解力部分，也就是流入思维，那么很明显，与属天人的良善相比，那里的良善是模糊的。
这就是为何属灵人不像属天人那样爱主，因而没有作为一切敬拜中的基本要素和良善从主流入的渠道的那种谦卑，因为一颗傲慢的心永远不能从主获得良善，唯有一颗谦卑的心才能。属灵人也不像属天人那样爱他们的邻舍，因为对自己和世界的爱不断从他们心智的意愿部分流入，模糊了那爱的良善。凡对此进行反思的人都能从以下事实清楚看到这一点：他在帮助别人时，为的是世俗的目的；因此，他可能不是有意识地这么做，却仍在思想回报，要么从他所帮助的人那里得到回报，要么在来世从主那里得到回报；他的良善就这样被邀功的思想，或欠他东西的感觉玷污了。还有一个事实能证明这一点，即：每当行了什么善事时，他若能叫人知道，从而把自己置于他人之上，就处于其生命的快乐了。但属天人爱邻胜己，从不思想回报，也不以任何方式将自己置于他人之上。
此外，与属灵人同住的良善因说服性的信仰而变得模糊；这些说服性的信仰是各种假设或原则的产物，而各种假设或原则同样来源于对自己和世界的爱。至于他们在信的问题上的说服性信仰是何性质，可参看前文（2682，2689e节）。这也是来自其心智意愿部分的邪恶的流注的产物。
与属天人的良善相比，属灵人的良善是模糊的，这一点也可从以下事实清楚看出来：他不像属天人那样从任何感知来认识真理，而是从父母和老师的教导，以及他生来所进入的教义来认识真理。当他添加了他自己和自己想法的某种东西时，感官及其错觉并理性及其表象，或说感官印象和逻辑能力通常占上风，使他几乎不能像属天人那样承认任何纯粹的真理。尽管如此，主仍将良善植入那些看似真理的事物，即便这些真理是纯粹的错觉或真理的表象。不过，这良善会因这类真理而变得模糊，因为良善从与它结合的真理中获得自己的具体性质。这就像阳光照到物体上。接受光的物体的性质使这光在那里看上去有某种颜色。如果接受形式的性质和接受的方式是适宜和相对应的，那么颜色就是美丽的；但如果接受形式的性质和接受的方式是不适宜，因而是不相对应的，那么颜色就是丑陋的。良善本身以同样的方式从与它结合的真理中获得一种具体性质。
这个奥秘还可从以下事实明显看出来：属灵人不知道邪恶是什么。他几乎不相信除了违反十诫的行为外还有其它邪恶存在，也没有意识到情感和思维的无数邪恶，又不反思它们，或称其为邪恶。凡恶欲和放纵带给他的快乐，他都视之为良善，而不是别的。他实际上追求并赞成爱自己的快乐，还为之辩解；殊不知，这些快乐影响、塑造他的灵，他在来世会完全变成这个样子。
这一切反过来表明，属灵人不知道良善是信的本质，甚至不知道什么叫本质上的爱和仁，即便整部圣言几乎只论述对主之爱和对邻之爱的良善。至于被他视为本质的信，除非他通过大量生活经历确认了它，否则他所知道的，就是讨论它是不是真的。属天人从来不讨论这一点，因为他知道并感觉它是真的。这就是为何主在马太福音中说：
你们的话，是就是是，不是就是不是；若再多说，就是出于邪恶。（马太福音5:37）
因为属天人拥有真理本身，而属灵人却争论它的正确性，或说属天人就处于属灵人所争论的真理本身。属天人因拥有真理本身，所以能从这真理看见属于它的无数事物，因而从光可以说看见整个天堂。但属灵人却争论真理的正确性，所以只要这样争论，他们就无法抵达属天人之光的最远边界，更不用说凭他们的光看见任何东西了。
Potts(1905-1910) 2715
2715. There are two arcana here, one, that the good of the spiritual man is comparatively obscure; and the other, that this obscurity is illuminated by the Lord's Divine Human. As regards the first, that good with the spiritual man is comparatively obscure, this is evident from what was said above concerning the state of the spiritual man in comparison with the state of the celestial man (n. 2708); for by comparing these states the fact becomes manifest. With the celestial, good itself is implanted in their will part, and light comes therefrom into their intellectual part; but with the spiritual all the will part has been destroyed, so that they have nothing of good from it; and therefore good is implanted by the Lord in their intellectual part (see n. 863, 875, 895, 927, 928, 1023, 1043, 1044, 2124, 2256). The will part is what chiefly lives in man, while the intellectual lives from it. As therefore the will part has been so destroyed with the spiritual man as to be nothing but evil, and yet evil flows in from it perpetually and continually into his intellectual part, that is, into his thought, it is evident that the good there is comparatively obscured. [2] Hence it is that the spiritual have not love to the Lord, as have the celestial, and consequently they have not the humiliation which is essential in all worship, and by means of which good can flow in from the Lord; for an elated heart does not receive at all, but a humble heart. Neither have the spiritual love toward the neighbor, as the celestial have for the love of self and the world continually flows in from their will part, and obscures the good of that love; as must also be evident to everyone if he reflects, by considering that when he does good to anyone it is for the sake of an end in the world; and that therefore, although he is not doing so consciously, still he is thinking of a recompense, either from those to whom he does good, or from the Lord in the other life; thus that his good is defiled by the idea of merit, as also by considering that when he has done any good, if he can make it known and thus set himself above others, he is in the delight of his life. But the celestial love the neighbor more than themselves; nor do they think at all of recompense, nor in any manner set themselves up above others. [3] Moreover, the good that is with the spiritual has been obscured by persuasions from various principles arising also from the love of self and of the world. The quality of their persuasion even of faith may be seen above (n. 2682, 2689 at the end); this likewise is from the influx of evil from their will part. [4] Moreover that the good with the spiritual man is obscure in comparison, is evident from the fact that he does not know what is true from any perception, as the celestial do, but from instruction from parents and masters, and also from the doctrine into which he was born; and when he superadds anything from himself and from his thought, then for the most part the sensuous and its fallacies, and the rational and its appearances, prevail, and cause him to be scarcely able to acknowledge any pure truth, such as the celestial acknowledge. Nevertheless in those seeming truths the Lord implants good, even if the truths are fallacious, or appearances of truth; but the good becomes obscure from them, being qualified by the truths with which it is conjoined. The case with this is as with the light of the sun flowing into objects. The quality of the objects which receive it causes the light to appear there under the aspect of color, beautiful if the quality of the form and of the reception is becoming and correspondent, but unbeautiful if the quality of the form and of the reception is not becoming, and thus not correspondent. In this manner the good itself is qualified according to the truth. [5] The same is also manifest from the fact that the spiritual man does not know what evil is. He scarcely believes any other things to be evil than those which are contrary to the precepts of the Decalogue, and is not aware of the evils of affection and thought, which are innumerable; nor does he reflect upon them, nor call them evils. All delights whatever of cupidities and pleasures he regards no otherwise than as good; and the very delights of the love of self he both seeks after, and approves, and excuses, being ignorant that such things affect his spirit, and that he becomes altogether such in the other life. [6] From this it is in like manner evident that though scarcely anything else is treated of in the whole Word than the good of love to the Lord and of love toward the neighbor, still the spiritual man does not know that good is the essential of faith, nor even what love and charity are in their essence; and that as to what he has learned of faith, which he makes essential, he nevertheless discusses whether it be so, unless he has been confirmed by much experience of life. This the celestial never do, for they know and perceive that it is so. Hence it is said by the Lord in Matthew:
Let your speech be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay; what is more than these is of evil (Matt. 5:37). For the celestial are in the truth itself respecting which the spiritual dispute whether it be so; hence, as the celestial are in the truth itself, they can see from it endless things which belong to that truth, and thus from light see as it were the whole heaven. But as the spiritual dispute whether it be so, they cannot, so long as they do this, come to the first boundary of the light of the celestial, still less look at anything from their light.
Elliott(1983-1999) 2715
2715. Two arcana exist here, the first being that, compared with the good of the celestial man, that of the spiritual man is obscure, the second that this obscurity is brightened by light from the Lord's Divine Human. As regards the first of these - that the good residing with the spiritual man is obscure compared with the celestial man's - this may be seen from what has been stated above in 2708 about the state of the spiritual man in comparison with that of the celestial man. From a comparison of the two states the fact of that obscurity is quite evident. With those who are celestial good itself exists implanted in the will part of their mind, and from there light enters the understanding part. But with those who are spiritual the whole of the will part is corrupted, so that they have no good at all from there, and therefore the Lord implants good in the understanding part of their mind, see 863, 875, 895, 927, 928, 1023, 1043, 1044, 2124, 2256. The will part is, in the main, the part of man's mind that possesses life, whereas the understanding part receives life from the will. Since therefore the will part in the case of the spiritual man is so corrupted as to be nothing but evil, and yet evil is flowing in from there unceasingly and constantly into the understanding part, that is, into his thought, it is clear that the good there is obscure compared with the celestial man's good.
[2] As a consequence those who are spiritual do not have love to the Lord, as those who are celestial do; nor therefore does that humility exist with them which is essential in all worship and by means of which good can flow in from the Lord; for a heart that is haughty is not at all receptive, only one that is humble. Nor do those who are spiritual have love towards the neighbour, as those who are celestial do, because self-love and love of the world are constantly flowing in from the will part of their mind, bringing obscurity into the good that goes with that love towards the neighbour. This may also become clear to one who reflects from the fact that when he helps another he does so for worldly reasons; thus though he may not consciously have it in mind he is nevertheless thinking about what he will get in return either from those he helps or in the next life from the Lord, which being so his good is still defiled with merit-seeking. It may also become clear to him from the fact that when he has done anything good and is able to speak about it to others and so set himself up above others, he is in his element. But those who are celestial love the neighbour more than they love themselves, and do not ever think about repayment or in any way set themselves up above others.
[3] The good residing with those who are spiritual is in addition made obscure by persuasive beliefs that are the product of various assumptions, which likewise have their origin in self-love and love of the world. For the nature of their persuasive beliefs even in matters of faith, see 2682, 2689 (end). This too is a product of the influx of evil from the will part of their mind.
[4] It may in addition become clear that the good residing with the spiritual man is obscure compared with the celestial man's, from the fact that he does not know what truth is, as those who are celestial do, from any perception. Instead he knows what truth is from what he has learned from parents and teachers, and also from the doctrine into which he was born. And when he adds to this anything from himself and from his own thinking, it is for the most part the senses and the illusions of the senses, also the rational and the appearances present within the rational, that predominate, and these make it barely possible for him to acknowledge any pure truth like that acknowledged by those who are celestial. But in spite of this, within things that are seemingly true the Lord implants good, even though these truths are mere illusions or else appearances of truth. But this good is made obscure by such truths, for it derives its specific nature from the truths to which it is joined. It is like the light of the sun falling upon objects. The nature of the objects receiving the light causes the light to be seen within those objects in the form of colours, which are beautiful if the nature of the recipient form and the manner of its receiving are fitting and correspondent, hideous if the nature of the recipient form and the manner of its receiving are not fitting and so not correspondent. In the same way good itself acquires a specific nature from the truth [to which it is joined].
[5] The same arcanum is also evident from the fact that the spiritual man does not know what evil is. He scarcely believes that any other evils exist than actions contrary to the Ten Commandments. Of evils present in affection and thought, which are countless, he has no knowledge nor does he reflect on them or call them evils. All delights whatever that go with evil desires and pleasures he does not regard as other than good; and the actual delights that are part of self-love he both pursues, approves of, and excuses, without knowing that such things have an effect on his spirit and that he becomes altogether such in the next life.
[6] From this it is in a similar way clear that although the whole of the Word deals with scarcely any other matter than the good which goes with love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour, the spiritual man does not know that that good is the sum and substance of faith, nor even what the essential nature of love and charity is. It is also clear that though something which is a matter of faith may be known to him - faith being considered by him to be essential in itself - he nevertheless discusses whether it is true, unless he has been confirmed by much experience of life. Those who are celestial do not discuss the same because they know and have a perception that it is true hence the Lord's statement in Matthew,
Let your words be, Yes, yes; No, no; anything beyond this is from evil.a Matt 5: 37.
For those who are celestial are immersed in the truth itself about which those who are spiritual dispute. Consequently because those who are celestial are immersed in the truth itself, they are able to see from it numberless facets of that truth, and so from light to see so to speak heaven in its entirety. But those who are spiritual, because they dispute whether it is true, cannot - so long as they do so - arrive at the remotest boundary of the light existing with those who are celestial, let alone behold anything from their light.
Latin(1748-1756) 2715
2715. Duo hic sunt arcana, unum, quod bonum spirituali hominis (t)sit obscurum respective: alterum, quod obscurum illud illuminetur a Divino Humano Domini. Quod primum attinet, [nempe] quod bonum apud spiritualem hominem sit obscurum respective, constare potest ex illis quae de statu spiritualis hominis respective a statum caelestis hominis supra n. 2708 dicta sunt; a comparatione status utriusque id manifeste patet; apud caelestes est {1} ipsum bonum implantatum in parte eorum voluntaria, et inde lux venit in partem intellectualem eis; sed apud spirituales deperditum est omne voluntarium, sic ut illis nihil boni sit inde, et ideo a Domino bonum implantatur in parte eorum intellectuali, videatur n. 863, 875, 895, 927, 928, 1023, 1043, 1044, 2124, 2256; pars voluntaria est quae principaliter vivit apud hominem, intellectualis vero vivit inde; cum itaque voluntarium {1} apud spiritualem ita deperditum est {2} ut non sit nisi malum, et tamen jugiter et continue inde influit malum in partem intellectualem seu cogitationem ejus, constat quod bonum ibi sit obscuratum respective: [2] inde est quod spiritualibus non sit amor in Dominum, sicut est caelestibus {3}, proinde nec humiliatio quae essentialis {4} est in omni cultu, et per quam {5} influere potest bonum a Domino; cor enim elatum nusquam {6} recipit, sed cor humile. Spiritualibus nec est amor erga proximum, sicut est caelestibus {3}, continue enim a parte eorum voluntaria influit amor sui et mundi, et obscurat bonam istius amoris; quod constare unicuique potest, si reflectit, etiam ex eo quod cum alicui benefacit, sit propter finem in mundo, ita tametsi non manifeste {7}, usque cogitat de remuneratione {8}, sive ab illis quibus benefacit, sive a Domino in altera vita; sic ut bonum ejus usque (t)sit conspurcatum meritorio; tum quoque ex eo quod cum aliquod bonum fecerit, si illud memorare possit, et sic se praeferre aliis, in suae vitae jucundo sit; caelestes vero amant proximum plus quam semet; nec usquam cogitant de retributione, neque se aliis praeferunt ullo modo. [3] Praeterea bonum apud spirituales obscuratum est persuasivis ex principiis variis, oriundis etiam ex amore sua et mundi; quale sit persuasivum etiam fidei, videatur n. 2682, 2689 ad fin.; hoc quoque ex influxu mali a parte eorum voluntaria. [4] Praeterea ex eo constare potest quod bonum apud spiritualem hominem sit obscurum respective, quia non ex aliqua perceptione, ut caelestes, novit quid verum, sed ex instructione a parentibus et magistris, tum ex doctrina in quam natus, et cum aliquid superaddit ex se et ex cogitatione, tunc ut plurimum sensuale et ejus fallaciae, ac rationale et ejus apparentiae, praevalent, et faciunt ut vix agnoscere possit aliquod verum purum, quale agnoscunt caelestes, usque tamen istis quasi veris implantat Dominus bonum, etiamsi fallacia vera sunt, aut apparentia veri, sed bonum fit inde obscurum, qualificatum a veris quibus conjungitur; se habet hoc sicut lux solis influens in objecta; qualitas objectorum quae recipiunt, facit ut appareat lux ibi sub specie coloris, pulchri si qualitas formae et receptionis sit decens et correspondens, impulchri si qualitas formae et receptionis sit non decens, nec ita correspondens; ita ipsum bonum qualificatur secundum verum. [5] Etiam ex eo patet (m)quod spiritualis homo non sciat quid malum, vix alia credit mala quam quae contra praecepta decalogi sunt, mala autem affectionis et cogitationis quae innumerabilia, nescit, nec reflectit super ea, nec vocat mala; jucunda cupiditatum et voluptatum quaecumque non aliter spectat ac bona, ipsaque jucunda amoris sui et affectat, et approbat, et excusat, ignorans quod talia sint quae afficiunt spiritum ejus, et quod prorsus talis fiat in altera vita. [6] Ex eo similiter constat, quod spiritualis homo tametsi in toto Verbo vix agatur nisi de bono amoris in Dominum et amoris erga Proximum, usque non sciat quod bonum sit essentiale fidei, ne quidem quid amor et charitas in sua essentia sit; et quod novit de fide quam essentialem facit, usque disserit num ita sit, nisi confirmatus per multum vitae, quod caelestes nusquam faciunt, norunt enim et percipiunt quod ita sit, inde a Domino dictum apud Matthaeum, Esto sermo vester ita ita, non, non, quod ultra haec est, ex malo est, v 37;(o)sunt enim caelestes in ipso vero, de quo disputant spirituales num ita sit, inde caelestes quia in ipso vero, possunt inde videre indefinita quae istius veri sunt, ita ex luce quasi totum caelum; sed spirituales quia disputant num ita sit, non possunt tamdiu venire ad primum terminum lucis caelestium, minus ex eorum luce spectare aliquid.' @1 est after implantatum.$ @2 cumque voluntaria.$ @3 deperdita.$ @4 caelestium.$ @5 essentiale.$ @6 in qua.$ @7 i et superbum.$ @8 i ita.$ @9 i aliqua.$