83# “我曾死过”表示祂被弃绝。这从以下事实清楚可知：当对主的信和爱不复存在时，就说主“死了”；因为对那些处于对主的爱和信之人来说，主是活着的；但对那些未处于对主的爱和信之人来说，祂不是活着的。对这些人来说，可以说祂是“死的”，因为祂被弃绝。这就是“我曾死过”在内义上所表示的；但它在字义上是指祂被钉死在十字架上。主被钉死在十字架上在内义上具有同样的含义，即：犹太人弃绝并如此对待祂。因为主在世时，是神性真理本身；由于神性真理被犹太人完全弃绝，所以作为神性真理的主让自己被钉死在十字架上。福音作者关于主受难所讲述的这一切都表示这些事；具体的，甚至最小的细节，都涉及这种含义。因此，每当主论到祂的受难时，祂都自称人子，也就是神性真理(参看AE63节)。众所周知，犹太人完全弃绝了神性真理，因为他们不承认主所说的任何话，甚至不承认祂是神的儿子。
由此可知当如何理解主对门徒所说关于犹太人弃绝祂的那些话。因此，、路加福音上说：
人子必须受许多的苦，被长老、祭司长和文士弃绝。(路加福音9:22)
同一福音书：
人子必须受许多苦，又被这世代弃绝。(路加福音17:25)
马可福音：
经上指着人子写着，祂要受许多的苦，并被藐视。(马可福音9:12)
路加福音：
耶稣带着十二个门徒，对他们说，看哪，我们上耶路撒冷去，先知所写关于人子的一切事都要成就；祂将要被交给外邦人，被戏弄、凌辱、吐唾沫。然后他们要鞭打并杀害祂；第三日祂要复活。(路加福音18:31–33)
此处的这些细节表示犹太人是如何对待来自圣言的神性真理的。在这段经文中，“耶路撒冷”是指犹太教会；“被交给外邦人，被戏弄、凌辱、吐唾沫，被鞭打并杀害”是指犹太人对待神性真理的邪恶方式；由于主因是圣言(约翰福音1:14)而是神性真理本身，并且先知书预言神性真理在教会结束时将被如此对待，所以经上说：“先知所写关于人子的一切事都要成就。”
同样，路加福音上还说：
这些就是我从前还与你们同在之时所告诉你们的话，就是：摩西的律法，先知的书，和诗篇上所记的关于我的话，都必须应验。(路加福音24:44)
当耶稣被钉在十字架上时，一切事就都成就了，祂在十字架上时，就亲自说了这一点：
耶稣知道各样的事已经成了，为使经上的话应验，就说，我渴了。(约翰福音19:28)
那时祂之所以说我渴了，是因为祂渴望一个承认祂的新教会。“渴”在灵义上表示渴望，它论及教会的真理(参看《属天的奥秘》，4958, 4976, 8568节)。这些也是但以理关于荒废和荒凉所预言的事：
过了六十二个七，弥赛亚必被剪除，但不是为祂自己；且那将要来的首领的民要毁灭这城和圣所，它的结局必在洪流中。荒凉最终必临到那可憎的鸟身上，直到完结和决定倾在那荒凉之地。(但以理书9:26–27)
荒凉和荒废表示那些属教会的人对神性真理的排斥和弃绝(参看《属天的奥秘》，5360, 5376节)。
马太福音中的这些话也表示神性真理，就是圣言，被犹太人如此弃绝：
只是我告诉你们，以利亚已经来了，人却不认识他，竟任意待他。人子也将这样受他们的苦。(马太福音17:12)
“以利亚”表示圣言(参看《属天的奥秘》18章序言，以及2762, 5247节)；施洗约翰也表示圣言，所以他被称为“以利亚”(7643, 9372节)。由此可见“以利亚已经来了，人竟任意待他；人子也将这样受他们的苦”表示什么。至于犹太人如何解释，因而弃绝圣言，这从福音中的许多经文清楚看出来，主在那里使这一点变得显而易见。由此明显可知，“我曾死过”表示祂被弃绝。此外，主通过十字架受难也荣耀了祂的人身或人性，也就是使它变成神性(参看《新耶路撒冷及其属天教义》，294, 295, 302, 305节)。
83. And was dead. That this signifies that He is rejected, is evident from this, that the Lord is said to be dead, when there are no longer faith in and love to Him; for the Lord lives with those who are in love and in faith to Him; but with those who are not in love and in faith He does not live, but is said to be dead, because rejected. This is what is here meant, in the internal sense, by "and was dead," but in the sense of the letter it denotes that He was crucified. The Lord's being crucified also similarly signifies, in the internal sense, that He was rejected and so treated by the Jews. For the Lord, when He was in the world, was Divine truth itself; and because Divine truth was altogether rejected by the Jews, therefore also the Lord, who was the Divine truth, suffered Himself to be crucified. Such things are signified by all the facts related by the Evangelists concerning the Lord's passion; the particulars relating thereto, even the most detailed, involve such a signification; therefore, when the Lord speaks of His passion, He calls Himself the Son of man, that is, Divine truth (as may be seen above, n. 63). That the Divine truth was entirely rejected by the Jews is well known, for they did not acknowledge anything said by Him, not even that He was the Son of God.
[2] From these considerations it can be known how those things also are to be understood which the Lord spake to His disciples concerning His rejection by the Jews. Thus in Luke:
"The Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes" (9:22).
And again:
"The Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of this generation" (17:25).
in Mark:
"It is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought" (9:12).
In Luke:
"When Jesus took unto him the twelve, he said unto them, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things foretold by the prophets concerning the Son of man shall be accomplished; that he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked and spitefully entreated, and spit upon; and afterwards they shall scourge him, and put him to death; and the third day he shall rise again" (18:31, 32, 33).
The particulars here mentioned show how the Jews treated the Divine truth, which was from the Word. Jerusalem, in this passage, is the Jewish church; to be delivered to the Gentiles, to be mocked, to be spitefully entreated, to be spit upon, to be scourged, to be put to death, denote the wicked ways in which they treated Divine truth; and because the Lord was Divine truth itself, as being the Word (John 1:14), and it was foretold in the prophets that Divine truth would be so treated in the end of the church, therefore it is said that all things should be accomplished which are written by the prophets concerning the Son of man.
[3] Similarly it is said in another passage:
"These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled which are written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me" (Arcana Coelestia 5360, 5376).
[4] That Divine truth, which is the Word, was so rejected by the Jews, is also meant by these words in Matthew:
"I say unto you, That Elias is come already, and they knew him not, but have done unto him whatsoever they listed. Likewise also shall the Son of man suffer of them" (2762, 5247), and also by John the Baptist, therefore he was called Elias (n. 7643, 9372). Hence it is plain what is signified by its being said that Elias was come, and that they had done to him whatsoever they listed, and that the Son of man would in like manner suffer of them. How the Jews explained the Word, and thus rejected it, is evident from very many passages in the Evangelists, where the Lord makes it, clear. From these considerations it is now evident, that by "I was dead," is signified that He was rejected. (That the Lord also by the passion of the cross, glorified His Human, that is, made it Divine, may be seen in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 294, 295, 302, 305.)
83. And I became dead, signifies that He was rejected. This is evident from this, that the Lord is said to be "dead" when faith in Him and love towards Him are no more; for with those who are in love towards Him and faith in Him the Lord lives, but with those who are not in love and in faith toward Him He does not live. With such He is said to be "dead" because He is rejected. This is what is here meant in the internal sense by the words "I became dead;" but in the sense of the letter it is meant that He was crucified. The Lord's being crucified has a like signification in the internal sense, namely, that He was rejected and treated thus by the Jews; for the Lord, when He was in the world, was Divine truth itself, and as Divine truth was altogether rejected by the Jews, therefore the Lord, who was Divine truth, suffered Himself to be crucified. Such things are signified by all that is related in the Evangelists concerning the Lord's passion; the particulars, even to every minutest particular, involve this. Whenever, therefore, the Lord speaks of His passion He calls Himself the Son of man, that is, Divine truth (See above, n. 2762, 5247), and also by "John the Baptist;" therefore he was called "Elias" (n. 7643, 9372). From this it can be seen what is signified by "Elias has come," and that "they have done to him whatsoever they listed," and that "the Son of man is to suffer of them." How the Jews explained and thus rejected the Word is clear from many passages in the Gospels, where the Lord makes this manifest. From this it can now be seen that "I became dead," signifies that He was rejected. Moreover, that the Lord, by the passion of the cross, also glorified His Human, that is, made it Divine, see New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine, n. 294-295, 302, 305.
83. "Et factus sum mortuus." - Quod significet quod rejectus, constare potest ex eo, quod Dominus dicatur "mortuus" quando non amplius est fides et amor in Ipsum; Dominus enim vivit apud illos qui in amore et fide sunt in Ipsum, sed non vivit apud illos qui non in amore et fide sunt; apud hos dicitur Dominus "mortuus" quia rejectus; hoc in sensu interno intelligitur hic per "factus sum mortuus"; at in sensu litterae quod sit crucifixus. Simile etiam significatur in sensu interno per quod Dominus sit crucifixus, nempe quod rejectus et ita tractatus a Judaeis: Dominus enim cum in mundo fuit, erat ipsum Divinum Verum; et quia Divinum Verum a Judaeis prorsus rejectum est, ideo quoque Dominus, qui illud erat, Se crucifigi passus est. Talia significantur per omnia quae apud Evangelistas memorantur de Passione Domini; singula usque ad singularissima id involvunt; quapropter ubi Dominus de Passione sua loquitur, vocat Se "Filium hominis", hoc est, Divinum Verum (videatur supra, n. 63). Quod Divinum Verum prorsus rejectum sit a Judaeis, notum est; nam non agnoverunt quicquam quod ab Ipso dictum est, et ne quidem quod Ipse esset Filius Dei. Ex his sciri potest quomodo etiam intelligenda sunt quae Dominus de rejectione Sui ab illis locutus est ad discipulos:
- Ut apud Lucam,
"Oportet Filium hominis multa pati et reprobari a senioribus et principibus sacerdotum et scribis" (9:22);
apud eundem,
"Oportet Filium hominis multa pati et reprobari a generatione hac" (17:25);
apud Marcum,
"Scriptum est de Filio hominis quod multa pateretur, et pro nihilo haberetur" (9:12);
apud Lucam,
"Jesus assumptis duodecim dixit eis, Ecce ascendimus Hierosolymam, et perficientur omnia quae praedicta sunt per prophetas de Filio hominis, quod tradetur gentibus, et illudetur, et contumeliis afficietur, et conspuetur; et postquam Illum flagellaverint, occident, sed tertia die resurget" (18:31-33):
singula haec significant quomodo Divinum Verum, quod erat ex Verbo, tractaverunt; "Hierosolyma" ibi est Ecclesia Judaica; "tradi gentibus, illudi, contumeliis affici, conspui, flagellari, occidi", sunt nefandi modi quibus Divinum Verum tractaverunt; et quia Dominus erat Ipsum Divinum Verum, quia Verbum (Johannes 1:14), et praedictum est apud prophetas quod id in fine ecclesiae ita afficeretur, ideo dicitur, "ut perficiantur omnia quae praedicta sunt per prophetas de Filio hominis."
Similiter alibi apud eundem,
"Haec sunt quae locutus sum vobis, cum adhuc eram vobiscum, oportere impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in Lege Mosis, et Prophetis, et in Psalmis de Me" (24:44).
Quod omnia essent peracta, cum Jesus crucifixus, 1
dixit Ipse cum erat super cruce:
"Cum Jesus sciebat quod omnia essent peracta, ut impleretur Scriptura, dixit, Sitio" (Johannes 19:28);
quod dixerit tunc "Sitio", erat quia novam ecclesiam desideravit, quae Ipsum agnosceret.
(Quod "sitire" in spirituali sensu significet desiderare, et quod dicatur de veris ecclesiae, videatur n. 4958, 4976, 8568.) Haec quoque sunt quae a Daniele praedicta sunt de vastatione et desolatione:
"Post septimanas sexaginta et duas excidetur Messias, sed non Sibi; deinde urbem et sanctuarium perdet populus principis venturi, ita ut finis ejus cum inundatione: .... tandem super avem abominationum desolatio, et usque ad consummationem et decisum stillabit super devastationem" (Daniel 9:26, 27):
"desolatio" et "vastatio" significant reprobationem et rejectionem Divini Veri apud illos qui ab ecclesia (videatur n. 5300, 5376). Quod Divinum Verum, quod est Verbum, ita reprobatum sit a Judaeis, etiam intelligitur per haec apud Matthaeum:
"Dico Vobis, Eliam jam Venisse, quem non agnoverunt, sed fecerunt ei quaecunque voluerunt; ita futurum est ut Filius hominis passurus sit ab illis" (17:12):
per "Eliam" significatur Verbum (videatur praefatio ad caput 18 Genes., et n. 2762, 5247); et quoque per "Johannem Baptistam"; quare is dictus est "Elias" (n. 7643, 9372 2
). Inde patet quid significatur per quod "Elias venerit", et quod "fecerint ei quaecunque voluerunt", et quod "futurum sit ut Filius hominis passurus sit ab illis." Quomodo Judaei explicuerunt Verbum, et sic rejecerunt illud, patet a plurimis locis apud Evangelistas, ubi Dominus id manifestat. Ex his nunc constare potest, quod per "Ego sum .... mortuus" significetur quod rejectus. (Quod etiam Dominus per passionem crucis glorificaverit Humanum suum, hoc est, id Divinum fecerit, videatur in Doctrina Novae, Hierosolymae, n. 294, 295, 302, 305.)
Footnotes:
1. The editors made a correction or note here.
2. The editors made a correction or note here.