1097、“迦南要作他的奴仆”表示诸如认为敬拜只在于外在事物的那种人就在那些为教会成员履行低劣服务的人当中。这尤其从犹太教会的代表清楚可知。在犹太教会，犹大和以色列代表内在教会：犹大代表属天教会，以色列代表属灵教会；雅各代表外在教会。然而，那些认为敬拜仅在于外在事物的人由外邦人来代表，他们称其为“外人”（Strangers）。这些“外人”要作“他们的仆人”，在教会履行低劣服务。如以赛亚书：
外人必站立牧放你们的羊群，外人之子必作你们耕种田地的、修理葡萄园的；你们要被称为耶和华的祭司，人必称你们为我们神的侍从。你们必吃用外邦人的财富，因得他们的荣耀自夸。（以赛亚书61:5-6）
此处属天人被称为“耶和华的祭司”，属灵人被称为“神的侍从”，而那些认为敬拜只在于外在事物的人则被称为要在田地和葡萄园里服务的“外人之子”。
同一先知书：
外人之子要重建你的城墙，他们的王必服事你。（以赛亚书60:10）
此处同样提到他们的服事。在约书亚记，论到基遍人，经上说：
因此，现在你们是被咒诅的，你们中间必不断有人作奴仆，为我神的家作劈柴挑水的人。那日，约书亚使他们为会众，尤其为耶和华的坛作劈柴挑水的人。（约书亚书9:23，27）
从别处也能看出基遍人代表谁，因为约是与他们立的，尽管他们就在那些要在教会作仆人的人当中。关于外人，律法规定，他们若要接受和平并开门，就当效劳、服事（申命记20:11；列王纪上9:21-22）。圣言中所写的关于犹太教会的每一个细节都代表主的国。主的国是这样：凡在其中的人，无论是谁，是什么样的人，都必须发挥某种功用。在主的国度，主只关注功用。就连地狱里的人也必须发挥某种功用，只是他们所发挥的功用是最低劣的。在来世，那些只有脱离内在的外在敬拜的人就在那些发挥低劣功用的人之列。
此外，在犹太教会，代表具有这样的性质：要关注的不是代表的这个人，而是他所代表之物。例如，犹太人决不是属天人，而是代表属天人；再如，以色列决不是属灵人，而是代表属灵人；雅各和其他人也一样。这同样适用于列王和祭司，他们代表主的王权和神圣。这一点从无生命之物也是代表的事实看得更清楚，如亚伦的衣服，祭坛本身，摆放陈设饼的桌子，灯，饼和酒；此外还有公牛，牛犊，山羊，绵羊，小山羊，羔羊，鸽子和斑鸠。由于犹大和以色列的儿子仅代表主教会的内在和外在敬拜，却又比其他人更认为一切敬拜仅在于外在事物，所以根据此处“迦南”的含义，他们比其他所有人都更可称为“迦南”。
New Century Edition
Cooper(2008,2013)
[NCE]1097. Canaan will be slave to him means that the type of individual who identifies worship exclusively with the outward show of it is among those who are able to serve people of the church in lowly ways. This can best be seen from the things that people in the Jewish church represented.{*1} In the Jewish church, Judah and Israel represented the inner church. Judah represented a heavenly church; Israel, a spiritual one; Jacob, the outer church. But people who identified worship exclusively with the outward show of it were represented by non-Jews, whom they called foreigners. These were their slaves, who performed menial tasks in that church. In Isaiah, for example:
Strangers will stand and pasture your flock, and the children of a foreigner will be your farmers and your vinedressers. And you will be called Jehovah's priests, attendants of our God; it will be said to you, "The wealth of the gentile nations you will eat, and their glory you will glory in." (Isaiah 61:5-6)
Heavenly kinds of people are called Jehovah's priests; spiritual ones, God's attendants. Those who see worship as consisting only in outward appearances are called children of a foreigner, destined to serve in the fields and vineyards.
[2] In the same author:
The children of a foreigner will rebuild the walls, and their monarchs will tend to you. (Isaiah 60:10)
This verse too mentions their labor as slaves. In Joshua, concerning the Gibeonites:
"A curse on you! And the slave will not be cut off from you,{*2} or those chopping wood and drawing water for the House of my God." Joshua on that day made them choppers of wood and drawers of water for the assembly — particularly for Jehovah's altar. (Joshua 9:23, 27)
A pact was made with the Gibeonites, though. What kind of people they therefore represented may be seen elsewhere [3058, 4431, 6860], but they were among those who would act as servants in the church.
A law was laid down for foreigners, stating that if they accepted peace and opened their gates they would serve as tribute in the form of slave labor (Deuteronomy 20:11; 1 Kings 9:21-22).
Each and every thing written about the Jewish church in the Word represented the Lord's kingdom — a kingdom that by its very nature requires everyone, of whatever identity or character, to do something useful. Nothing but usefulness is regarded by the Lord in his kingdom. Even people in hell have to be useful, but the uses they fill are very lowly. Some of the people doing menial work in the other world are individuals whose worship had been completely external, disconnected as it was from any inner content.
[3] Furthermore, representative meanings in the Jewish church were such that they imply nothing about the person filling a role but only about the phenomenon that the person represented. Jews, for instance, were anything but heavenly people, and yet that is the kind of people they represented.{*3} By the same token, Israel was anything but a spiritual person, and yet that is what he represented; and the same for Jacob and all the others — including the monarchs and priests, who nonetheless represented the Lord's royal power and holiness. The point is illustrated even more clearly by the fact that inanimate objects also filled a representative role. These included Aaron's vestments, the altar itself, the tables holding the loaves, the lamps, and the bread and wine, not to mention adult cattle, young cattle, he-goats, sheep, she-goats, lambs, pigeons, and turtledoves.{*4} The children of Judah and Israel merely represented the internal and external worship that takes place in the Lord's church, while more than any other people they considered worship to consist only in outward acts. Consequently they more than any others are the ones who can be called Canaan, in view of his symbolism here.
Footnotes:
{*1} On the Jewish, or representative church, see note 3 in 994. [Editors]
{*2} "The slave will not be cut off from you" means that the Gibeonites would remain slaves. [LHC]
{*3} On Swedenborg's attitude toward Jews, see note 4 in 259, as well as the reader's guide in volume 1, pages 51-55. [Editors]
{*4} The items listed here were features of worship services and sacrifices in the tabernacle and later in Solomon's temple. Full discussion of much of their symbolism can be found in the passages of Secrets of Heaven interpreting Exodus 25-31 (9455-10376). Some of the many relevant passages (sometimes including reference to further passages) are as follows: Aaron's vestments, 9804-9966; the altar, 9713-9739; the tables, 9527-9543; the bread, 10107; the wine, 10137:1-10. On the symbolism of sacrificial animals, see 1361:2 in addition to the exegesis of Exodus 29:10-41 in 10020-10141. [LHC, RS, SS]
Potts(1905-1910) 1097
1097. And Canaan shall be his servant. That this signifies that such as make worship consist solely in externals are among those who may perform vile services to the men of the church, is evident especially from the representatives in the Jewish Church. In the Jewish Church the internal church was represented by Judah and Israel; by Judah the celestial church, by Israel the spiritual church, and by Jacob the external church. But those who made worship consist solely in externals were represented by the Gentiles, whom they called strangers, and who were their servants, and performed menial services in the church. As in Isaiah:
Strangers shall stand and feed your flock, and the sons of the stranger shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers; but ye shall be called the priests of Jehovah; the ministers of our God shall ye be called; ye shall eat the wealth of the Gentiles, and in their glory shall ye boast yourselves (Isa. 61:5-6). Here celestial men are called the "priests of Jehovah" spiritual men the "ministers of our God;" those who make worship consist solely in externals are called the "sons of the stranger" who should serve in their fields and vineyards. [2] Again:
The sons of the stranger shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee (Isa. 60:10), where in like manner their services are mentioned. In Joshua concerning the Gibeonites:
Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall not be cut off from you a servant, both hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God; and Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, especially for the altar of Jehovah (Josh. 9:23, 27).It may be seen elsewhere who were represented by the Gibeonites, because of the covenant made with them, in spite of which however they were among those who served in the church. Concerning strangers, a law was delivered, that if they would receive peace and open their gates, they should be tributary and serve (Deut. 20:11; 1 Kings 9:21-22). Everything written in the Word concerning the Jewish Church was representative of the kingdom of the Lord. The kingdom of the Lord is such that everyone in it, whosoever and whatsoever he may be, must perform some use. Nothing but use is regarded by the Lord in His kingdom. Even the infernals must perform some use, but the uses which they perform are most vile. Among those who in the other life perform vile uses are those who have had merely external worship, separated from internal. [3] Moreover the representatives in the Jewish Church were of such a nature that there was no thought about the person that represented, but only about the thing represented thereby; as for instance in the case of the Jews, who were by no means celestial men, and yet represented them; and Israel again was by no means a spiritual man, yet represented him; and so it was with Jacob and the rest. The same was the case with the kings and priests, by whom was represented the royalty and holiness of the Lord. This is very evident from the use of inanimate things for representation, as Aaron's garments, the altar itself, the tables for bread, the lamps, the bread and wine, besides oxen, bullocks, goats, sheep, kids, lambs, pigeons, and turtledoves. And because the sons of Judah and Israel only represented the internal and external worship of the Lord's church, and yet more than others made all worship consist in externals, they above all others may be called "Canaan" according to his signification here.
Elliott(1983-1999) 1097
1097. 'Canaan will be a slave to him' means that such people as make worship consist solely in external things are among those who are able to perform inferior services to members of the Church. This becomes clear especially from the representatives in the Jewish Church. In the Jewish Church the internal Church was represented by Judah and Israel - the celestial Church by Judah, the spiritual by Israel - and the external Church by Jacob. People however who made worship consist solely in external things were represented by 'the gentiles' whom they called foreigners. The latter were to be 'their slaves' and were to perform inferior services in the Church, as in Isaiah,
Aliens will stand and pasture your flock, and sons of the foreigner will be your field-workers and your vine-dressers; and you will be called the priests of Jehovah, you will be spoken of as the ministers of our God. You will eat the wealth of the gentiles, and in their glory will you glory. Isa 61:5, 6.
Here celestial people are called 'the priests of Jehovah', spiritual people 'the ministers of God', while those who made worship consist solely in external things are called 'sons of the foreigner' who were to serve in their fields and vineyards.
[2] In the same prophet,
The sons of the foreigner will build up your walls, and their kings will minister to you. Isa 60:10.
Here similar reference is made to the service they were to render. In reference to the Gibeonites the following is said in Joshua,
You are cursed, and some of you will always be slaves,a both hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God. Joshua made them on that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, especially for the altar of Jehovah. Josh 9:23, 27.
It may be seen elsewhere whom the Gibeonites represented because of the covenant made with them, even though they belonged among those who were to be servants in the Church. Regarding foreigners, the law was laid down that if they would accept peace and open their gates they would become tributary and serve,b Deut 20:11; 1Kings 9:21, 22. Every single detail written down in the Word concerning the Jewish Church was representative of the Lord's kingdom. The Lord's kingdom is such that everyone, no matter who or what kind of person, must perform a use. In His kingdom the Lord looks to nothing else than use. Even those in hell have to perform a use, though the uses they do perform are the lowest of all. Among those performing inferior uses are people in the next life whose worship has been wholly external, separated from internal.
[3] Furthermore representatives in the Jewish Church were such that no attention was paid to the person who represented, but to that which was represented by him. The Jews, for example, who were anything but celestial people, nevertheless represented these, while Israel, anything but a spiritual man, nevertheless represented that man; and it was similar with Jacob and the rest. The same applied to kings and priests; they nevertheless represented the Kingship and Holiness of the Lord. This matter becomes clearer still from the fact that even inanimate objects were representative, such as Aaron's garments, the altar itself, the tables with the leaves on them, the lamps, bread and wine; as well as oxen, calves, goats, sheep, kids, lambs, doves, and pigeons. And because the sons of Judah and Israel did no more than represent the internal and the external worship of the Lord's Church, and yet more than anybody else made all worship consist merely in external things, it is therefore they, more than all others, who may be called 'Canaan' according to his meaning here.
Latin(1748-1756) 1097
1097. Quod 'erit Canaan servus illi' significet quod tales qui in externis solum cultum ponunt, sint inter eos qui vilia servitia praestare possint hominibus Ecclesiae, constare imprimis potest a repraesentativis in Ecclesia Judaica: in Ecclesia Judaica repraesentabatur interna Ecclesia per Jehudam et Israelem, per 'Jehudam' Ecclesia caelestis, per 'Israelem' Ecclesia spiritualis, per 'Jacobum' Ecclesia externa; qui autem in externis solum ponebant cultum, repraesentabantur per 'gentes,' quas vocabant alienigenas, qui 'servi eorum' essent, et vilia servitia in Ecclesia praestarent, ut apud Esaiam, Stabunt alieni et pascent gregem vestrum, et filii alienigenae agricolae vestri, et vinitores vestri; et vos sacerdotes Jehovae vocabimini, ministri Dei nostri dicetur vobis; opes gentium comedetis, et in gloria eorum gloriabimini, lxi 5 [6,]; ubi caelestes homines appellantur 'sacerdotes Jehovae,' spirituales 'ministri Dei'; qui in externis solum ponunt cultum 'filii alienigenae,' qui servirent in agris et in vineis: [2] apud eundem, Aedificabunt filii alienigenae muros, et reges eorum ministrabunt tibi, lx 10; ubi similiter servitia eorum memorantur: de Gibeonitis apud Josuam, Maledicti vos, et non exscindetur ex vobis servus, et caedentes ligna, et haurientes aquas domui Dei mei.... Dedit eos Josua in die hoc caesores lignorum, et haustores aquarum congregationi, imprimis altari Jehovae, ix 23, 27;quos autem 'Gibeonitae' repraesentabant quia cum iis foedus factum, alibi {1} videatur; usque inter eos qui servirent in Ecclesia. De alienigenis lex lata, 'si reciperent pacem et aperirent portas, quod essent in tributum servientis,' Deut. xx 11, I Reg. ix 21, 22. Omnia et singula quae in Verbo scripta sunt de Ecclesia Judaica, repraesentativa fuerunt regni Domini; regnum Domini est tale ut omnis quicumque et qualiscumque sit, usum praestare debeat; nihil est nisi usus qui a Domino spectatur in Ipsius regno; etiam infernales debent usum praestare, sed usus quos praestant, sunt vilissimi; inter eos qui viles usus praestant, sunt ii in altera vita quibus solum externus cultus separatus ab interno fuit. [3] Ceterum repraesentativa in Ecclesia Judaica fuerunt talia ut nihil reflecteretur super personam quae repraesentabat, sed 'super rem quae repraesentabatur; sicut Judaei, qui nihil minus fuerunt quam caelestes homines et usque repraesentabant illos; ita Israel nihil minus quam spiritualis homo, usque repraesentabat illum, similiter Jacob, et ceteri; tum reges et sacerdotes, sed usque per eos repraesentabatur Regium et Sanctum Domini; quod manifestius constare potest ex eo quod res mortuae quoque repraesentarent, sicut vestes Aharonis, ipsum altare, mensae ubi panes, et lucernae, panis et vinum, praeter boves, juvencos, hircos, oves, capras, agnos, columbas, turtures: et quia filii Jehudae et Israelis solum repraesentabant cultum internum et externum Ecclesiae Domini, et usque prae ceteris modo in externis ponebant omnem cultum, ideo prae ceteris sunt ii qui 'Canaan,' secundum significationem ejus hic, possunt dici. @1 See n. 3058 and 4431.$