四、上帝全知万有，洞悉顺逆秩序的一切细节
59# 上帝全然全知：凡顺应秩序而生的万事万物，及至最细微的分殊，祂皆全然觉知、彻见、洞悉；同时祂亦明察一切悖逆秩序所发生的诸事。
上帝全然全知，能够觉知、看见并洞悉万有一切，根源在于祂是智慧本身，亦是光本身；智慧本体可觉知万物，光之本体能彻照万有。
前文已阐明上帝即是智慧本身；祂又为光本身，是因祂乃是天使天堂的灵界太阳，此太阳照亮众天使与世人的理智。正如肉眼依靠自然界太阳的光线方能视物，人的理智也由灵界太阳之光照亮；理智不单蒙受光照，更会依照人接纳此光之爱的程度充盈分辨之力，盖因此光的本体即是神性智慧。
是以《诗篇》有言：“上帝住在不能靠近的光中。”（诗 104:2；参提前 6:16）《启示录》亦记载：“新耶路撒冷无需灯火，因主上帝光照其中。”（启 21:23）约翰福音又记：“道与上帝同在，道就是上帝；这道是光，照亮一切来到世间之人。”（约 1:1，9）
经文所言“道”，即是神性智慧。由是可知，天使拥有多少智慧，便蒙受何等明亮之光；圣言之中凡提及“光”之处，所喻指的皆是智慧。
59# （4）神是全知，也就是说，祂感知、看到和知道照着秩序发生的一切事，甚至直到最微小的事，也从这些事中感知、看到和知道违反秩序发生的事。神是全知，也就是说，祂感知、看到和知道一切事，因为祂是智慧本身和光本身；智慧本身感知一切，而光本身看到一切。前面说明（TCR 37节），神是智慧本身；祂是光本身，因为祂是天使天堂的太阳，这太阳光照所有人的理解力，包括天使和人类。因为正如眼睛被属世太阳的光照亮，理解力则被属灵太阳的光照亮；它不仅被照亮，还照着对接受这光的爱而充满聪明智慧，因为这光本质上就是智慧。因此，在大卫诗篇，经上说：
神住在不能靠近的光里。（诗篇104:2; 提摩太前书6:16）
启示录：
在新耶路撒冷，他们不需要烛光，因为主神给他们光。（启示录22:5）
约翰福音：
与神同在并且就是神的圣言，是照亮一切来到世上的人的光。（约翰福音1:1，9）
“圣言”是指神性智慧。这就是为何天使们越拥有智慧，他们所处的光就越清晰或明亮；这也是为何在圣言中，每当圣言提到“光”时，它都是指智慧。
59. 4. God is omniscient; that is, he is aware of, sees, and knows everything down to the least detail that happens in keeping with the divine design, and by contrast is aware of, sees, and knows what goes against the divine design. God is omniscient, that is, he is aware of, sees, and knows all things, because he is wisdom itself and light itself. Wisdom itself is aware of all things. Light itself sees all things.
We showed above [37] that God is wisdom itself. He is light itself because he is the sun of the angelic heaven that enlightens the intellect of all, both angels and people. As our eye is illuminated by the light of the physical sun, so our intellect is illuminated by the light of the spiritual sun - not only illuminated, but also filled with intelligence (depending on how much we love receiving it), since spiritual light is essentially wisdom.
This is why it says in David that God dwells in inaccessible light [Psalms 104:2; see also 1 Timothy 6:16]; and why it says in the Book of Revelation that in the New Jerusalem they do not need lamps because the Lord God enlightens them [Revelation 21:23]; and why it says in John that the Word that was with God and was God is the light that enlightens everyone who comes into the world [John 1:1, 9]. The "Word" in this last reference means divine wisdom. This is why the more wisdom angels have, the brighter a light they are in; and why when "light" is mentioned in the Word it means wisdom.
59. (iv) GOD IS OMNISCIENT, THAT IS, HE PERCEIVES, SEES AND KNOWS DOWN TO THE TINIEST DETAIL EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS ACCORDING TO ORDER; AND FROM THESE THINGS ALSO WHAT HAPPENS CONTRARY TO ORDER.
The reason God is omniscient, that is, perceives, sees and knows everything is because He is Wisdom itself and Light itself, and Wisdom itself perceives everything and Light itself sees everything. It was shown above that God is Wisdom itself. He is Light itself because He is the sun of the heaven of angels, which sheds light on the understanding of every angel and every person. For as the eye sees by the light of the natural sun, so the understanding sees by the light of the spiritual sun. It not only sees by that light, but is also filled with intelligence the more it loves to receive that light, since this light is in its essence wisdom. Thus we read in the Psalms of David that God dwells in inaccessible light [Psalms 104:2; cf. 1 Timothy 6:16]; and in Revelation that in the New Jerusalem they have no need of a lamp, because the Lord God sheds light on them [Revelation 21:23]; and in John that the Word, which was with God, and was God, is the light, which enlightens every man that comes into the world [John 1:1, 9]. By the Word is meant the Divine Wisdom. This is why the angels enjoy a brighter light, the greater their wisdom; and why in the Word, every time light is mentioned, wisdom is meant.
59. (4) God is omniscient, that is, He perceives, sees, and knows each thing and all things, even to the most minute, that take place according to order, and from these the things also that take place contrary to order. God is omniscient, that is, perceives, sees, and knows all things, because He is wisdom itself and light itself; and wisdom itself perceives all things, and light itself sees all things. That God is wisdom itself has been shown above; He is light itself because He is the sun of the angelic heaven, which enlightens the understandings of all, both angels and men. For just as the eye is illuminated by the light of the natural sun, so is the understanding illuminated by the light of the spiritual sun nor is it illuminated merely, it is filled with intelligence in accordance with the love of receiving that light, for that light in its essence is wisdom. There fore it is said in David:
That God dwells in the light inaccessible (Psalms 104:2 comp.1 Timothy 6:16);
and in the Apocalypse:
That in the New Jerusalem they need no candle, for the Lord God giveth them light (22:5);
and in John:
That the Word, which was with God and was God, is the light that enlighteneth every man that cometh into the world (1:1, 9)
the "Word" meaning the Divine wisdom. For this reason, so far as the angels are in wisdom they are in clearness of light, and for the same reason, whenever light is mentioned in the Word it means wisdom.
59. (4) GOD IS OMNISCIENT, THAT IS, HE PERCEIVES, SEES, AND KNOWS ALL THINGS, EVEN TO THE MOST MINUTE, THAT ARE DONE ACCORDING TO ORDER, AND ALSO FROM THESE WHATEVER IS DONE CONTRARY TO ORDER.
God is omniscient, that is, He perceives, sees, and knows all things because He is Wisdom itself and Light itself; and Wisdom itself perceives all things, and Light itself sees all things. That God is Wisdom itself was shown above; and He is Light itself because He is the Sun of the angelic heaven which enlightens the understanding of all, both angels and men. For as the eye is illumined by the light of the natural sun, so is the understanding illumined by the light of the spiritual Sun; and not only illumined but also filled with intelligence according to the love of receiving it, since that light in its essence is wisdom. Therefore in David it is said:
that God dwelleth in light inaccessible;
and in Revelation:
that in the New Jerusalem they have no need of a candle, because the Lord God enlighteneth them.
In John also it is said that the Word which was with God, and which was God, is the Light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.
By the Word is meant Divine Wisdom. The angels therefore enjoy clearness of light in proportion to their wisdom; and therefore also when light is mentioned in the Word wisdom is meant.
59. IV. QUOD DEUS OMNISCIUS SIT, HOC EST, PERCIPIAT, VIDEAT, ET SCIAT OMNIA ET SINGULA USQUE AD MINUTISSIMA, QUAE FIUNT SECUNDUM ORDINEM, ET EX ILLIS ETIAM QUAE FIUNT CONTRA ORDINEM. Quod Deus sit Omniscius, hoc est, percipiat, videat et sciat omnia, est quia est ipsa Sapientia et ipsa Lux, et ipsa Sapientia percipit omnia, et ipsa Lux videt omnia; quod Deus sit ipsa Sapientia, supra ostensum est; quod sit ipsa Lux, est quia est Sol Coeli Angelici, qui omnium tam Angelorum quam hominum intellectum illustrat; nam sicut oculus illuminatur a Luce Solis naturalis, ita intellectus illuminatur a Luce Solis Spiritualis; nec solum illuminatur, sed etiam impletur intelligentia secundum amorem recipiendi illam, quoniam Lux haec in sua essentia est Sapientia; quare apud Paulum 1 dicitur, QUOD DEUS IN LUCE INACCESSIBILI HABITET, 1 Timotheum 6:16; inque Apocalypsi, Quod in Nova Hierosolyma non opus habeant lucerna, quia Dominus Deus illustrat illos [21:23]: et apud Johannem, "Quod Verbum, quod erat apud Deum, et erat Deus, sit Lux, quae illuminat omnem hominem venientem in Mundum," [Johannes 1:1, 9], per Verbum intelligitur Divina Sapientia. Inde est, quod Angeli, quantum in sapientia sunt, tantum in candore lucis sint: et inde quoque est, quod in Verbo, ubi nominatur Lux, intelligatur sapientia.
Footnotes:
1. rima editio: Davidem.