300# “某人的名”并非单指其名字，而是也指他的一切品质，这从灵界中的名字可以看出。在那里，没有人保留他在世上受洗时所得的名字，也不保留从父亲或家族承受的名字；在那里，每个人都按自己的品质被称呼，天使则按他们的道德生命与属灵生命被称呼。这些人也就是主以下话语中所指的人：耶稣说：“我是好牧人；……羊听他的声音；他按着名叫自己的羊，把羊领出来。”（约10:3，11）同样，也由以下经文所指：“然而在撒狄，你还有几名是未曾污秽自己衣服的。……得胜的，……我又要将我上帝城的名，就是从天上、从我神那里降下来的新耶路撒冷的名，并我的新名，都写在他上面。”（启3:4，12）
“加百列”和“米迦勒”并不是天上两个人物的名字；这些名字所指的，乃是天上一切在关于主的智慧中，并敬拜祂的人。圣言中人物和地方的名字，也不是指那些人物和地方，而是指教会的事物。
在人间，“名”也不单指名字，而是同时指一个人的品质，因为这品质附着于他的名字之上。人在日常言谈中常说：“这是为了他的名而做的”，或说“为了名声”；又说：“此人有名。”这些话所表示的是，此人因他里面所有的某些品质而著名，例如因聪明、学识、功绩等等。谁不知道，凡在名誉上辱骂并诽谤某人的，也是在辱骂并诽谤他一生的行为？二者在观念中是结合的；因此，他名字的名声也就毁坏了。同样，凡以羞辱的方式称呼君王、统帅或贵人的名字，也是在侮辱他们的威严与尊贵。照样，凡以轻蔑的声调称呼某人的名字，也是在轻视他一生的行为。每一个人都是如此：按照各国的法律，人的名字，也就是他的品质以及由此而来的名声，都不可被恶意攻击，也不可用辱骂加以侵害。
300# 任何人的名字都不仅是指他的名字，还指他的一切品质，这一点从灵界中对名字的使用明显看出来。在灵界，没有人会保留他在这个世界上受洗时得到的名字，或从他的父亲和祖先那里得到的名字；而是每个人都根据他的性格而得名，天使则根据他们的道德和属灵生活而得名。事实上，主的这些话就是指这些天使：
耶稣说，我是好牧人。羊听祂的声音，祂按着名叫自己的羊，把羊领出来。（约翰福音10:3，11）
以及这些话：
在撒狄，你有几个名字是未曾污秽自己衣服的。得胜的，我要将新耶路撒冷城的名，并我的新名，都写在他上面。（启示录3:4，12）
“加百列”和“米迦勒”不是天上两个人的名字，这些名字是指天上所有处于关于主的智慧并敬拜祂的人。圣言中的人名和地名都不是指人和地方，而是指教会事物。此外，在自然界，一个名字不仅是指人的名字，还指他的性格或性质，因为人的性质和他的名字紧密相连。在日常交谈中，我们习惯说，“他是为了他的名或名声而这样做”，或说“这个人大名鼎鼎，或有好名声”，意思是说，他因他身上的品质而闻名，如天赋、学问和功绩等等。众所周知，人若贬低和诽谤某个人的名字，就是在贬低和诽谤他的生活行为。这两者在观念上是联系在一起的，他的名声由此被摧毁。同样，人若极不尊敬地叫出一个国王、贵族、公爵，或任何伟人的名字，也是在羞辱他的威严和尊严。再者，人若用轻蔑的语气提到某个人的名字，同时也是在蔑视他的生活行为。这适用于每个人。根据所有国家的法律，玷污和中伤一个人的名字是违法的，因为一个人的名字就意味着他的性质和名声。
第三诫 当记念安息日，守为圣日。六日你要劳碌，作你一切的工；但第七日是向耶和华你神当守的安息日
300. The nature of names in the spiritual world makes it clear that someone's "name" does not mean her or his name alone but also her or his full nature. In that world, people all stop using the names they were given in baptism in this world and the names they received from their parents or their family. All there are named for what they are like. Angels get a name that indicates the moral and spiritual life they have. In fact, the Lord was referring to angels in the following passage:
Jesus said, "I am the good shepherd. The sheep hear the shepherds voice and he calls his sheep by name and leads them out. " (John 10:3, 11)
The same holds true in the following passage:
I have a few names in Sardis who have not defiled their clothes. Upon the person who conquers I will write the name of the city New Jerusalem and my new name. (Revelation 3:4, 12)
"Gabriel" and "Michael" are not the names of two people in heaven - these names mean all the angels in heaven who have wisdom about the Lord and who worship him. The names of people and places in the Word do not mean people and places either; they mean aspects of the church.
Even in our world a "name" means more than just a name - it also means what someone is like. People's natures get attached to their names. We often say, "They're doing it for their name" or "to make a name for themselves. " "Those are big names" means that those people are famous for characteristics they possess, such as creativity, scholarship, achievements, or the like.
It is common knowledge that people who insult or libel other people's names are in fact insulting or libeling the actions of the other people's lives. The two are conceptually linked. Such attacks ruin the reputation of people's names. Likewise, someone who says the name of a monarch, a duke, or a great person with disrespect also dishonors the person's majesty and dignity. It is equally true that someone who mentions anyone's name with a tone of contempt also disparages the deeds of that person's life-this applies to everyone. Every country has laws that forbid us to abuse, attack, or insult anyone's name (meaning anyone's nature and reputation).
300. The names used in the spiritual world make it plain that someone's name does not mean just his name, but his whole character. In that world no one keeps the name he received at baptism and from his father or family in the world, but everyone there is named to suit his character, and angels have names to suit their moral and spiritual lives. It is these whom the Lord meant when He said:
I am the good shepherd. The sheep hear his voice, and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out, John 10:3, 11.
Likewise by these words:
You 1 have a few names in Sardis who have not defiled their clothes. As for him who has overcome, I will write upon him the name of the city of the New Jerusalem, and my new name, Revelation 3:4, 12.
Gabriel and Michael are not the names of two people in heaven, but those names mean everyone in heaven who possesses wisdom about the Lord and worships Him. The names of persons and places in the Word too do not mean actual people and places, but matters which concern the church.
[2] Even in the natural world a name does not mean just the name, but at the same time a person's whole character, since this is inseparable from the name. In ordinary speech we say, 'He is doing this for the sake of his name', or 'for the sake of the reputation of his name'; or 'this man has a famous name.' We mean by this that he is famous for qualities he possesses, such as ingenuity, learning, achievements, and so on. Everyone knows that if anyone insults and slanders someone by name, he is also insulting and slandering the way he lives. The ideas are linked, so that the reputation of his name is destroyed. In much the same way, if anyone utters the name of a king, duke or high dignitary in an insulting fashion, he heaps abuse also on their majesty and dignity. Equally, if anyone pronounces a person's name in a contemptuous tone, he at the same time shows his contempt for the way he lives. It is the same with every person; the laws of all kingdoms forbid a person's name to be slandered or insulted, because the name is equivalent to his character and reputation.
Footnotes:
1. The Latin text has 'I' for 'You'.
300. That the name of anyone means not his name alone but his every quality, is evident from the use of names in the spiritual world.
No man there retains the name he received in baptism, or that of his father or ancestry in the world; but everyone is there named according to his character, and angels are named according to their moral and spiritual life. Such are meant in these words of the Lord:
Jesus said, I am the Good Shepherd. The sheep hear His voice, and He calleth His own sheep by name and leadeth them out (John 10:11, 3).
Also in these words:
Thou hast a few names even in Sardis, that have not defiled their garments. He that overcometh, I will write upon him the name of the city New Jerusalem, and My new name (Revelation 3:4, 12).
Gabriel and Michael are not the names of two persons in heaven, but by those names all in heaven who are in wisdom respecting the Lord, and who worship Him are meant. The names of persons and of places in the Word do not mean persons and places, but the things of the church. Nor in the natural world does a name mean the person's name only, but his character also, because this adheres to his name; for in common conversation it is customary to say, "This he does for the sake of his name," or "for the fame of his name," or "this man has a great name," meaning that he is celebrated, for such things as are in him, as for talents, erudition, merits, and so on. Who does not know that he who disparages and calumniates anyone in name, also disparages and calumniates the actions of his life? In idea the two are joined together, and the fame of his name is thus destroyed. In like manner one who utters the name of a king, a noble, or any great man, with great disrespect, also casts opprobrium upon his majesty and dignity. So again he who mentions the name of another in a tone of contempt, at the same time belittles the acts of his life. This is true of everyone. According to the laws of all kingdoms it is not lawful to sully and wound with slander anyone's name, that is, his character and consequent reputation.
300. The name of anyone means not only his name but also his whole characteristic quality, as is evident from names in the spiritual world. There no man retains the name which he received in this world at baptism, or from his father and ancestry; but everyone is named according to his characteristic quality, and so angels are named according to their moral and spiritual life. These also are meant by these words of the Lord:
Jesus said, "I am the good shepherd... the sheep hear His voice, and He calleth His own sheep by name, and leadeth them out" John 10:3, 11.
The same are meant in this passage:
"I have (A.V., thou hast) a few names even in Sardis which have not defiled their garments... I will write upon him that overcometh... the name of the city, New Jerusalem... and my new name" Revelation 3:4, 12.
Gabriel and Michael 1 are not the names of two persons in heaven; but by these names are meant all those in heaven who are in wisdom concerning the Lord, and who worship Him.
The names also of persons and places in the Word do not mean persons and places, but things of the Church. Moreover, in the natural world a name does not mean the name only, but also the character of the person, because this is intimately associated with his name. For in common speech it is said of one man that he does this or that for the sake of his name, or for the reputation of his name; of another, that he has a good name, by which is meant that he is renowned for qualities that are in him, as natural ability, learning, merits, and so on. Everyone knows that he who reviles and slanders any as to his name, also reviles and slanders the actions of his life. These are associated in idea, and consequently the reputation of his name is destroyed. Similarly he who treats with ignominy the name of king, duke and potentate, casts opprobrium upon their majesty and dignity. In like manner he who employs a contemptuous tone in uttering the name of anyone, contemns at the same time the actions of his life. As this happens in the case of everyone, there is a general law in all nations forbidding the abuse and vilification of a person's name, as this involves his character and reputation.
Footnotes:
1. Michael, the archangel.
300. Quod per Nomen alicujus non intelligatur solum nomen, sed etiam omne quale ejus, patet a nominibus in Mundo Spirituali, ibi non aliquis homo retinet nomen, quod tulit in baptismate et a patre aut stemmate, in Mundo, sed unusquisque ibi secundum quale suum nominatur, ac Angeli vocantur secundum moralem et spiritualem illorum vitam; hi etiam sunt qui intelliguntur per haec Domini, Jesus dixit, Ego sum Pastor bonus; oves vocem ejus audiunt, et proprias oves vocat Nomine, et educit illas, Johannes 10:3, 11, 1 pariter per haec, Habeo pauca Nomina in Sardibus, quae non polluerunt vestimenta sua. Qui vicerit, scribam super eum Nomen urbis novae Hierosolymae, et Nomen meum novum, Apocalypsis 3:4, 12. Gabriel et Michael non sunt nomina duarum Personarum in Coelo, sed per illa Nomina intelliguntur omnes in Coelo, qui in sapientia sunt de Domino et colunt Ipsum. Per Nomina etiam Personarum et locorum in Verbo nec intelliguntur Personae et loca, sed res Ecclesiae.
[2] In Mundo naturali per Nomen nec intelligitur solum Nomen, sed simul quale ejus, quia hoc nomini ejus adhaeret, in communi enim sermone dicitur, hoc facit propter Nomen suum, aut propter Nominis famam, hic magnum Nomen habet, per quod significatur, quod sit celebris ex talibus quae in illo sunt, ut ex ingeniositate, eruditione, meritis, et sic porro. Quis non novit, quod qui vituperat et calumniatur aliquem quoad Nomen, etiam vituperet et calumnietur Acta [Acta Apostolorum] vitae ejus; conjuncta sunt in idea, inde perit fama nominis ejus: consimiliter qui Nomen Regis, Ducis, Magnatis, ignominiose enuntiat, ille quoque Majestatem et Dignitatem illorum opprobrio afficit; pariter qui Nomen alicujus sono contemtus profert, ille ejus Acta [Acta Apostolorum] vitae simul vilipendit; simile est cum omni Persona; cujus Nomen, hoc est, qualitatem et inde famam, secundum leges omnium Regnorum, non licet insufflare et convitiis lacessere.
Footnotes:
1. Prima editio: 10:3.